{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:38:50Z","timestamp":1791463130244,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to describe physiological changes in endometrial blood flow (minute arterioles running through the endometrium) from ovulation to the mid\u2010luteal phase using superb microvascular imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved 17 women (median age, 32.5\u2009years; first to third interquartile range, 29.8\u201340.0\u2009years) with regular menstrual cycles who were managed in our institute from 2020 to 2021. The uterus was delineated at the sagittal section using transvaginal ultrasonography incorporated with superb microvascular imaging. For each participant, a total of 28\u2009cycles were observed; 17\u2009cycles observed within one\u2009day of ovulation and the implantation period, 5\u20137\u2009days (D5\u20137) after ovulation in the same cycle, and nine cycles in which only ovulation was observed, and two\u2009cycles in which only D5\u20137 was observed. Therefore, 26 and 19 images at ovulation and D5\u20137, respectively, were acquired. Endometrial blood flow was evaluated by depth of the vascular signal in the endometrium and categorized as follows: signals only in the basal layer of the endometrium (grade 1), reaching up to half the endometrium (grade 2), and covering the whole endometrium (grade 3). Changes in the grade of endometrial blood flow from ovulation to D5\u20137 after ovulation, and the relationship between the grade of endometrial blood flow and the endometrial thickness on ovulation and D5\u20137 after ovulation, were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endometrial blood flow from ovulation to D5\u20137 after ovulation during the same menstrual period showed a downgrade in 14 of 17\u2009cycles (82.3%) and no change in the remaining three\u2009cycles (17.6%), indicating a decrease in the endometrial blood flow from ovulation to D5\u20137 after ovulation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). There were differences between the grade of endometrial blood flow and median endometrial thickness on ovulation (grade 1: 5.9\u2009mm, grade 2: 9.1\u2009mm, and grade 3: 11.2\u2009mm); however, no differences in the endometrial thickness were found between the grades on D5\u20137 after ovulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the normal menstrual cycle, endometrial blood flow decreased from ovulation to the mid\u2010luteal phase, and the endometrial thickness in the ovulatory phase was related to the endometrial perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T05:42:27Z","timestamp":1684302147000},"page":"914-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Novel application to evaluate endometrial blood flow using transvaginal superb microvascular imaging: A preliminary study describing physiological changes from ovulation to mid\u2010luteal phase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mitao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yoshizato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Fukagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soranomori KYUSHU  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136772"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53162-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599009024978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1993.03030199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ob.1996.v175.a73865"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-017-0241-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.07004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10009-1708"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"The \u2018steel\u2019 or \u2018Teflon\u2019 endometrium \u2013 ultrasound visualization of endometrial vascularity in IVF patients and outcome","volume":"3","author":"Applebaum M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.14030188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1947.02890090008003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091280207"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.4.998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_2.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00379-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03223-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03375-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01538-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0414-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.031"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.14585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T10:25:29Z","timestamp":1743848729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.14585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.14585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14585","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}