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However, few have examined the outcome of children whose mothers were at risk of GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate how mothers\u2019 risk of developing GDM affects physical health and neurodevelopment of the children at 7\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of a follow\u2010up study of a multicenter randomized controlled trial including 855 pregnant women, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital in Norway from 2007 to 2009. Risk factors for developing GDM included age &gt;40\u2009years, diabetes in near family, previous child with birthweight \u22654500\u2009g and pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index (BMI) \u226525\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Data on GDM risk factors were available for 750 women, who were divided into a risk group if they had one or more risk factors for developing GDM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009238) and a no risk (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009512) group. At 7\u2009years of age, 72 children born to mothers in the risk group and 194 children born to mothers in the no risk group participated. The children's height, weight and physical activity were reported by their parents. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed by using the Five\u2010to\u2010Fifteen questionnaire, which includes motor skills, executive functions, perception, memory, language, social skills, and emotional\/behavioral problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most women had only one risk factor for GDM, and pre\u2010pregnancy overweight was the most prevalent risk factor. Children of mothers in the risk group had higher birthweight and length. At the 7\u2010year follow\u2010up, they had a higher weight and BMI, and the odds ratio of being overweight was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.1\u20138.3). There was no group difference in the children's physical activity and their neurodevelopmental outcomes were similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found higher BMI and increased risk of overweight in children born to mothers with one or more risk factors for developing GDM. A focus on preventing pre\u2010pregnancy overweight should be encouraged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T05:42:35Z","timestamp":1689831755000},"page":"1193-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Physical health and neurodevelopmental outcome in 7\u2010year\u2010old children whose mothers were at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow\u2010up of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"\u00c5shild Jensen","family":"Kolseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe","family":"Kulseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe Nilssen","family":"Stafne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7250-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siv","family":"M\u00f8rkved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell \u00c5smund","family":"Salvesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0129-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari Anne I.","family":"Evensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Directorate of Health.Gestational Diabetes. 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