{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1790268797624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current use of combined hormonal contraceptives worsens glucose tolerance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus at late fertile age, but the impact of their former use on the risk of glucose metabolism disorders is still controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort study with long\u2010term follow\u2010up consisting of 5889 women. The cohort population has been followed at birth, and at ages of 1, 14, 31 and 46. In total, 3280 (55.7%) women were clinically examined and 2780 also underwent a 2\u2010h oral glucose tolerance test at age 46. Glucose metabolism indices were analyzed in former combined hormonal contraceptive users (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091371) and former progestin\u2010only contraceptive users (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200952) and in women with no history of hormonal contraceptive use (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009253).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with women with no history of hormonal contraceptive use, those who formerly used combined hormonal contraceptives for over 10\u2009years had an increased risk of prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6\u20139.2) but not of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Former progestin\u2010only contraceptive use was not associated with any glucose metabolism disorders. The results persisted after adjusting for socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, body mass index and use of cholesterol\u2010lowering medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Former long\u2010term use of combined hormonal contraceptives was associated with a significantly increased risk of prediabetes in perimenopausal women, which potentially indicates a need of screening for glucose metabolism disorders in these women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:41:13Z","timestamp":1691800873000},"page":"1488-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Former long\u2010term use of combined hormonal contraception and glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women: A prospective, population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4723-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria\u2010Elina","family":"Mosorin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meri\u2010Maija","family":"Ollila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Jokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Piltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Unit of General Practice Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Morin\u2010Papunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3139-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha","family":"Tapanainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90580-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121280"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.3.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105909"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Moran LJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60283-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2013.797393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38678.389583.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(81)90102-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","article-title":"Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus","volume":"2019","author":"Lopez LM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00016-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00182-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91819-V"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.14636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T06:32:36Z","timestamp":1743834756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.14636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.14636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14636","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}