{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:56:08Z","timestamp":1793127368365,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011769","name":"St. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal growth may be affected by both maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metformin therapy. Here, we explore the effect of intrauterine metformin exposure on birth anthropometrics of infants born to women with PCOS. We also investigated whether the effect of metformin on birth anthropometrics is modified by maternal pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index, PCOS hyperandrogenic phenotype, serum androgen levels, preconception use of metformin and offspring sex. Additionally, we assessed newborn anthropometrics in relation to a national reference population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual data from three randomized controlled triasl were pooled. The randomized controlled trials investigated the effects of metformin in pregnant women with PCOS. In all, 397 and 403 were randomized to the metformin and placebo groups, respectively. A Scandinavian growth reference was used to calculate sex and gestational age adjusted <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores. Linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of metformin on offspring <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores of head circumference, birth length, birthweight, placental weight, body mass index, ponderal index and birthweight:placental weight ratio. S\u2010testosterone, s\u2010androstenedione, and s\u2010sex\u2010hormone binding globulin from four timepoints in pregnancy were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the PCOS\u2010placebo group, newborns in the PCOS\u2010metformin group had larger head circumference (head circumference <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score: mean difference\u2009=\u20090.25, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.11\u2013 0.40). This effect of metformin on head circumference <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score was particularly observed among offspring of overweight\/obese mothers and mothers with hyperandrogenic PCOS\u2010phenotype. We observed no difference in other anthropometric measures between the metformin and placebo groups or any clear interaction between maternal androgen levels and metformin. Newborns in the PCOS\u2010placebo group were shorter than in the reference population (birth length <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score: mean\u2009=\u2009\u22120.04, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u20130.05 to \u22120.03), but head circumference and birthweight were similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Larger head circumference was observed at birth in metformin\u2010exposed offspring of mothers with PCOS. PCOS\u2010offspring were also shorter, with a similar birthweight to the reference population, indirectly indicating higher weight\u2010to\u2010height ratio at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T04:40:58Z","timestamp":1690260058000},"page":"176-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Anthropometrics of neonates born to mothers with <scp>PCOS<\/scp> with metformin or placebo exposure in utero"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guro \u00d8rndal","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie Rae","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv Guro Engen","family":"Hanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone\u00a0Shetelig","family":"L\u00f8vvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f8nnaug","family":"\u00d8deg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Center for Obesity Research, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Live Marie T.","family":"Stokkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne\u00a0Skovsager","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petur Benedikt","family":"Juliusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Registry Research and Development National Institute of Public Health  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Vanky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim 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