{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:21Z","timestamp":1787013861360,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AP14870609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP14870609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) is a common health problem that affects 1:10 of childbearing women, and is linked with physical and psychological complications. As the number of nationwide studies on the incidence of SPL is few, especially from middle\u2010income countries, in this study we investigated the epidemiology, complications and outcomes of SPL before 22\u2009weeks of gestation by analyzing large\u2010scale healthcare data from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) in Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population\u2010based study among women who experienced SPL in any healthcare setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014\u20132019. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition and ICD 9th edition's procedural codes were utilized to retrieve data using relevant diagnostic and procedural codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 207\u2009317 records of women who have experienced an SPL before 22\u2009weeks of gestation were analyzed from all Kazakhstani regions. The estimated prevalence of SPL was 8.7%, with a 20% decline over a 6\u2010year period. The SPL cases ratio comprises on average 6.2 per 1000 reproductive\u2010age women. Incomplete miscarriage (ICD\u201010 code \u201cO03.4\u201d) was the most common type (37.8%), followed by blighted ovum (ICD\u201010 code \u201cO02.0\u201d; 34.1%) and missed abortion (ICD\u201010 code \u201cO02.1\u201d; 13.5%). The most common management methods were dilation and curettage of the uterus (ICD\u20109 code \u201c69.0\u201d; 84.7%) and aspiration curettage of the uterus (ICD\u20109 code \u201c65.0\u201d; 15%), whereas medical management was rarely performed (2.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The information available in UNEHS adequately identifies types of miscarriages and treatment methods. Although the prevalence of SPL before 22\u2009weeks of gestation is decreasing, management of miscarriages requires closer attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T01:43:23Z","timestamp":1693878203000},"page":"1682-1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiology of spontaneous pregnancy loss in Kazakhstan: A national population\u2010based cohort analysis during 2014\u20132019 using the national electronic healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesbolat","family":"Sakko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbayan","family":"Turesheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology West\u2010Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduzhappar","family":"Gaipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulzhanat","family":"Aimagambetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talshyn","family":"Ukybassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Department of Women's Health CF \u201cUniversity Medical Center\u201d  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aizada","family":"Marat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1 NJSC \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyazzat","family":"Kaldygulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2 West\u2010Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainur","family":"Amanzholkyzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology West\u2010Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastassiya","family":"Nogay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaituna","family":"Khamidullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1 NJSC \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerlan","family":"Mussenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astana City Polyclinic #12  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim Y.","family":"Almawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Faculty of Tunisia Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuralay","family":"Atageldiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Astana 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