{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:03:06Z","timestamp":1765486986562,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects over one fifth of women worldwide, and endometriosis is one of the most common causes. In the present study, we examined whether sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is effective in the treatment of refractory chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicenter prospective pilot study was started in 2017 and includes patients with chronic pelvic pain with no other obvious pathology than endometriosis. Other treatment options have been tried or they are unsuitable. Patients underwent SNM implantation. The main outcome was postoperative pain reduction and secondary outcome was quality of life. The following questionnaires were used to assess the outcomes: Brief pain inventory (BPI), clinical global impression \u2010 improvement (CGI\u2010I), 15D\u2010measure of health\u2010related quality of life, and Biberoglu and Behrman (B&amp;B) score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 35 patients underwent the SNM procedure and, at the time of analysis, 15 patients had returned one\u2010year questionnaires. The patients had a history of endometriosis for a median of 5.5 (interquartile range 2\u20139) years, with no correlation between the severity of symptoms and the duration of the disease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.158). A total of 31 patients (89%) were implanted with the internal pulse generator. There were statistically significant changes in BPI pain\u2010related items. Worst experienced daily pain decreased among those who returned 12\u2010month questionnaires from median 9 to 5 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), average daily pain from 6 to 3.5 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), and least daily pain from 3 to 1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Based on the CGI questionnaire (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), at 12\u2009months nine patients (60%) experienced great improvement in their symptoms, three patients (20%) much improvement and two patients (13%) minimal improvement. None of the patients experienced worsening of their symptoms. There was a statistically significant change in overall 15D score at 1\u2009month (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 6\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and 12\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), when the results were compared to baseline values. Median B&amp;B score also improved significantly and decreased from a baseline value of 8 (4\u201312) to 4.5 (0\u20136), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the preliminary findings of our study, SNM might be a promising treatment of CPP in endometriosis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T02:21:18Z","timestamp":1697077278000},"page":"1634-1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sacral neuromodulation in endometriosis \u2013 A promising treatment option for chronic pelvic pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7458-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Zegrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sein\u00e4joki 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Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4\u2010Kaikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Medical Research Center  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Rautio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Medical Research Center  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"H\u00e4rkki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinikka","family":"Salmenkyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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