{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:04:26Z","timestamp":1783073066489,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\u2010B\u20100294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\u2010B\u20100294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["118768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["118768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a paucity of objectively verified data on substance use among Danish pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of substance use including alcohol and nicotine among the general population of Danish pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this anonymous, national, cross\u2010sectional, descriptive study, pregnant women were invited when attending an ultrasound scan between November 2019 and December 2020 at nine Danish hospitals. Women submitted a urine sample and filled out a questionnaire. Urine samples were screened on\u2010site with a qualitative urine dipstick for 15 substances including alcohol, nicotine, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, and benzodiazepines. All screen\u2010positive urine samples underwent secondary quantitative analyses with gold standard, liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) analysis. Results were compared to questionnaire information to analyze the validity of self\u2010reporting and to examine possible cross\u2010reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1903 of 2154 invited pregnant women participated (88.3%). The prevalence of dipstick\u2010positive urine samples was 25.0%. 44.0% of these were confirmed positive, resulting in a total confirmed prevalence of 10.8%. The prevalence of nicotine use was 10.1%\u2014and for all other substances, &lt;0.5%. Nicotine use was more prevalent among younger pregnant women, while other substance use appeared evenly distributed over age groups. Self\u2010reporting of use of nicotine products was high (71.1%), but low for cannabis and alcohol intake (0% and 33.3%, respectively). Prescription medication explained almost all cases of oxycodone, methylphenidate, and benzodiazepine use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use among pregnant women consisted mainly of nicotine. Dipstick screening involved risks of false negatives and false positives. Except for alcohol intake and cannabis use, dipstick analyses did not seem to provide further information than self\u2010reporting. LC\u2013MS\/MS analyses remain gold standard, and future role of dipstick screenings should be discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T05:46:14Z","timestamp":1716443174000},"page":"1408-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Screening of substance use in pregnancy: A Danish cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1662-3547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nete Lundager Klokker","family":"Rausgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge Olga","family":"Ibsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palle Bach Nielsen","family":"Fruekilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7039-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen Aagaard","family":"Nohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Damkier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8752-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pernille","family":"Ravn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-323260"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw228"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00263-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015410"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15946"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809342310"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-021-03127-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen [National Board of Health and Welfare].Udsatte gravide med skadeligt rusmiddelforbrug [Vulnerable pregnant women with harmful substance abuse].2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Social\u2010og Indenrigsministeriet Sundheds\u2010og \u00c6ldreministeriet [The Ministry of Social Affairs H and Senior Citizens]. Arbejdsgruppe om gravide med et forbrug og misbrug af rusmidler [Working group on pregnant women with substance use and abuse].2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.National survey on drug use and health: women.2020. US Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563221990699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"Dansk Selskab for Klinisk Biokemi [Danish Society for Clinical Biochemistry]. Retningslinje for misbrugsanalysering for klinisk biokemiske laboratorier version 2. 1 [Guidelines for substance abuse analysis for clinical biochemical laboratories version 2.1.].2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"Ferle ApS. 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