{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:23:05Z","timestamp":1785370985768,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare and challenging condition with potential severe morbidity and mortality. Prenatal shunting methods, specifically vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS) and fetal cystoscopy, aim to manage this condition. However, comprehensive education and training are hindered by the rarity of LUTO. To address this gap, we present a low\u2010cost 3D\u2010printed ultrasound training model for VAS in LUTO fetuses. The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasound and haptic fidelity of the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound images of three LUTO fetuses at 12\u201314\u2009weeks were utilized to create detailed 3D\u2010printed models. Fusion360TM software generated stereo\u2010lithography files, and the Formlabs Form3\u00ae printer, using Flexible 80A resin, produced the models. A simulation box mimicking uterine conditions and fetal anatomy was developed for testing. Ultrasound assessments determined model accuracy, and expert evaluations gauged fidelity for VAS placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D\u2010printed model accurately replicated LUTO fetal anatomy, demonstrating structural integrity and realistic sonographic and haptic feedback during 20 punctures. Macroscopic visualization confirmed the model's durability and authenticity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This innovative 3D\u2010printed model addresses the scarcity of LUTO cases and the lack of realistic training tools. Simulation models enhance skills, providing a controlled learning environment that bridges theoretical knowledge and clinical application, potentially improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D\u2010printed training model for VAS in LUTO represents a significant advancement in surgical education, offering realistic anatomical simulation and tactile feedback. Future studies should assess its effectiveness in enhancing surgical skills and impacting patient outcomes in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T12:59:20Z","timestamp":1716469160000},"page":"1550-1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Advancement of 3D printing technology for the development of a training model in <scp>US<\/scp>\u2010guided vesicoamniotic shunting for early <scp>LUTO<\/scp> therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-4338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Recker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Schremmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III \u2010 Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin Sebastian","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III \u2010 Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3625-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Strizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1892-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Jimenez\u2010Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine University Hospital Bonn  Bonn 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