{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:09:02Z","timestamp":1793052542371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"Helsingin Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tutkijal\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riohjelma K26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tutkijal\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riohjelma K26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003127","name":"Punainen Risti Veripalvelu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012023","name":"Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPOC\u201014\u2010028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPOC\u201014\u2010028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012023","name":"Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPOC\u201019\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPOC\u201019\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To prevent blood donors from developing iron deficiency (ferritin &lt;15\u2009\u03bcg\/L) and subsequent anemia (hemoglobin &lt;120\u2009g\/L), blood services rely on information about known risk factors, including the donor's sex and age. For example, while Finnish women are able to donate whole blood with a minimum donation interval of 91\u2009days, women in the 18 to 25\u2010year\u2010old age group are recommended to donate no more than once per year. Menstrual blood loss is not accounted for in blood donation interval recommendations, despite being a known risk factor of iron deficiency. We aim to investigate to what extent menstrual bleeding is associated with ferritin and hemoglobin levels in female blood donors, and quantify the association of other menstruation\u2010related variables not currently accounted for by blood services (i.e., use of hormonal contraception, heavy menstrual bleeding) with iron deficiency or anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of 473 premenopausal and 491 postmenopausal Dutch whole blood donors. Exclusion criteria were current pregnancy, BMI \u226550, ferritin \u2265200, pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) \u2265400, and age &lt;18 or \u226570\u2009years. Menstrual blood loss was quantified using a PBAC, a semiquantitative method to evaluate the number of used menstrual products and the degree of staining. We identified predictors of log(ferritin)\/hemoglobin and iron deficiency\/anemia using Bayesian linear and logistic regression models and quantified the average percentage of variance in log(ferritin) and hemoglobin explained by the covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual blood loss accounted for most of the explained variance in hemoglobin (8%) and second only to the number of days since last donation for ferritin (8%). Heavy menstrual bleeding (PBAC \u2265150, OR\u2009=\u20093.56 [1.45\u20138.85], prevalence 13%) was associated with anemia, and use of levonorgestrel\u2010releasing intrauterine device was negatively associated with iron deficiency (OR\u2009=\u20090.06 [0.01\u20130.44]). After statistical control for menstrual blood loss, age was not associated with iron status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual blood loss and blood donation were the most important determinants of iron status in premenopausal women. Thus, results suggest that accounting for menstrual blood loss in donation interval guidelines may benefit blood donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T09:04:23Z","timestamp":1718010263000},"page":"1645-1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Menstrual blood loss is an independent determinant of hemoglobin and ferritin levels in premenopausal blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Ekroos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0838-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Karregat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Toffol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Castr\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Red Cross, Blood Service (FRCBS), Research and Development  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Arvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Red Cross, Blood Service (FRCBS), Research and Development  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"van den Hurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13409"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"International forum: an investigation of iron status in blood donors","volume":"15","author":"Vuk T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood 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