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Cervical shortening detected by ultrasound can be used to predict PTD, but prediction is not perfect, and complementary diagnostic markers are needed. Recently, specific plasma microribonucleic acid (miRNAs) detected in early second trimester were shown to be associated with spontaneous PTD in high\u2010risk women with a singleton pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent these miRNAs are associated with spontaneous PTD and cervical length in a general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a nested case\u2013control study within the CERVIX study. The CERVIX study evaluated the ability of cervical length screening with transvaginal ultrasound to identify women at risk of PTD. In the present study, women who delivered spontaneously &lt;34\u2009weeks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200961) were compared with a control group of women who delivered at full term (39\u2009+\u20090 to 40\u2009+\u20096 gestational weeks, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205). Archived serum samples were analyzed with RT\u2010qPCR for miRNA expression levels of let\u20107a\u20105p, miR\u2010150\u20105p, miR\u201015b\u20105p, miR\u2010185\u20105p, miR\u2010191\u20105p, miR\u201019b\u20103p, miR\u201023a\u20103p, miR\u2010374a\u20105p, and miR\u201093\u20105p. The mean relative expression was compared between the groups. Sub\u2010analyses were performed for women delivering &lt;32, &lt;30, and &lt;28\u2009weeks vs the full\u2010term group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analyzed miRNAs were not significantly differentially expressed in women delivering &lt;34\u2009weeks compared to those delivering at full term. MiR\u2010191\u20105p and miR\u201093\u20105p were significantly overexpressed in women who delivered &lt;32\u2009weeks, and further increase in fold change was observed with decreasing gestational age at delivery. The level of miR\u201015b\u20105p was significantly higher in women delivering at &lt;30\u2009weeks compared to those delivering at full term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study shows that overexpression of miR\u201093\u20105p, miR\u201015b\u20105p, and miR\u2010191\u20105p in serum at early gestation is associated with spontaneous PTD in a general population. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential of these miRNAs as future biomarkers for spontaneous PTD, as well as their pathophysiological role in spontaneous PTD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:12:35Z","timestamp":1721625155000},"page":"2013-2023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between <scp>miRNAs<\/scp> in serum at 10\u201314 gestational weeks and spontaneous preterm delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4208-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tove","family":"Wikstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Lena","family":"Leverin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla\u2010Britt","family":"Wennerholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lil","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip R.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasso","family":"Terzidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Newborn and child health United Nations Children's fund (UNICEF) & United Nations Population Fund. 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