{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:36:34Z","timestamp":1787841394884,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201000590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201000590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201001275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201001275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent decades, centralization of health care has resulted in a number of obstetric unit closures. While studies support better infant outcomes in larger facilities, few have investigated maternal outcomes. We investigated obstetric unit closures over time and whether obstetric volume is associated with onset of labor, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All births registered in Sweden between 1992 and 2019 (Medical Birth Register,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092\u2009931\u2009140), linked with data on sociodemographic characteristics and maternal\/infant diagnoses, were used to describe obstetric unit closures. After excluding congenital malformations, obstetric volume was categorized (low: 0\u20131999, medium: 2000\u20133999, high: \u22654000 births per year). Restricting to 2004 onwards (after most closures), the association between volume and onset of labor (spontaneous as reference) was estimated. Restricting to spontaneous, full\u2010term (\u226537\u2009weeks gestation) cephalic births, we then investigated the association between volume and PPH and, after excluding planned cesarean sections, OASIS. Odds ratios from multilevel (logistic) models clustered by hospital were estimated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 20 dissolved obstetric units (1992\u20132019) had relatively stable volume until their closure. Compared to the average, women birthing in the highest volume hospitals were older (31.3\u2009years vs. 30.4) and a higher proportion had &gt;12\u2009years of education (57 vs. 51%). Compared to high\u2010volume hospitals, there was no significant difference in labor starting by elective cesarean section or induction, rather than spontaneously, among low (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73\u20131.06) and medium (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71\u20131.01) volume hospitals. There were lower odds of PPH among low (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63\u20130.85) and medium (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72\u20130.97) volume hospitals. No significant association was found between obstetric volume and OASIS (low: OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82\u20131.18; medium: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77\u20131.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was not a strong relationship between obstetric volume and maternal outcomes. Reduced odds of PPH for women birthing in smaller units may be due to triaging high\u2010risk pregnancies to larger hospitals. While there was no significant association between obstetric volume and onset of labor or OASIS, other important factors related to closures, such as workload and overcrowding, should be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T02:40:05Z","timestamp":1731897605000},"page":"55-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hospital obstetric volume and maternal outcomes: Does hospital size matter?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9124-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Holowko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea V.","family":"Ladfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne K.","family":"\u00d6rtqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Visby County Hospital  Visby Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Ahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olof","family":"Stephansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12510"},{"issue":"478","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The association between hospital obstetric volume and perinatal outcomes in California","volume":"207","author":"Snowden JM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02977.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540130052029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500324225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)01219-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a2dd93"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03988-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31822a65e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00794.x"},{"issue":"380","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The impact of hospital obstetric volume on maternal outcomes in term, non\u2010low\u2010birthweight pregnancies","volume":"212","author":"Snowden JM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.220928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00188-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00947-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"(WHO) WHO.Robson Classification: Implementation Manual. Geneva; 2017. Report No.: Licence: CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 3.0 IGO. 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