{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:27:45Z","timestamp":1791404865546,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circadian rhythm disruption has been associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as the evening chronotype (EC) shares several traits with PCOS, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that the biological clock could be targeted with new, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for PCOS in women with biorhythm disorders. We evaluated inner circadian rhythmicity in middle\u2010aged women with PCOS in a population\u2010based setting, focusing on whether women with PCOS and an EC have a specific subtype in relation to their clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort, a population\u2010based longitudinal birth cohort of 12\u2009058 individuals born in 1966. We compared the circadian phenotype between 314 women with PCOS (according to the Rotterdam criteria) and 1248 women without PCOS at age 46\u2009years using the validated Finnish shortened 6\u2010item Morningness\u2010Eveningness Questionnaire (sMEQ) and the single\u2010item self\u2010assessed morningness\u2010eveningness question.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCOS was not associated with the EC by the sMEQ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.495) or self\u2010assessment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.303). The self\u2010assessed morningness\u2010eveningness values differed from the sMEQ chronotype distribution (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), nevertheless, the most frequent chronotype was the intermediate chronotype (IC) determined by both chronotyping methods (sMEQ PCOS 47.7% vs. 45.2% non\u2010PCOS; self\u2010assessment PCOS 66.5% vs. 68.4% non\u2010PCOS). The hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes A\u2013C did not differ from the non\u2010hyperandrogenic phenotype D as for the chronotype (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.271). The EC was associated in both groups with depressive and anxiety symptoms (PCOS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012, non\u2010PCOS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the use of sleep medication (PCOS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017, non\u2010PCOS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The EC was not over\u2010represented in middle\u2010aged women with PCOS or in the hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes A\u2013C in our study. This does not support the need for chronotyping in the comprehensive assessment of women with PCOS. However, as chronotypes tend to change with aging, cross\u2010sectional studies in different age groups are warranted to draw conclusions on the role of chronotypes in PCOS and the associated metabolic risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T13:14:09Z","timestamp":1729257249000},"page":"2554-2565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chronotypes in middle\u2010aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7069-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea","family":"Kroneld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku 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University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Hurskainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure","family":"Morin\u2010Papunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center  Oulu 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