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This systematic review aimed to evaluate the cognitive and academic outcomes of large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age children born early term vs full term (combined or independent exposures).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database under the registration no. CRD42024528626. Five databases were searched from their inception until March 27, 2024, without language restrictions. Studies reporting childhood cognitive or academic outcomes after early term or large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age births were included. Two reviewers independently screened the selected studies. One reviewer extracted the data, and the other double\u2010checked the data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. In addition to narrative synthesis, meta\u2010analyses were conducted where possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2505 identified articles, no study investigated early\u2010term delivery in large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age babies. Seventy\u2010six studies involving 11\u2009460\u2009016 children investigated the effects of either early\u2010term delivery or large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age. Children born at 37\u2009weeks of gestation (standard mean difference, \u22120.13; 95% confidence interval, \u22120.21 to \u22120.05), but not at 38\u2009weeks (standard mean difference, \u22120.04; 95% confidence interval, \u22120.08 to 0.002), had lower cognitive scores than those born at 40\u2009weeks. Large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age children had slightly higher cognitive scores than appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age children (standard mean difference, 0.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.01\u20130.11). Similar results were obtained using the outcomes of either cognitive impairment or academic performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No study has investigated the combined effect of early\u2010term delivery on cognitive scores in large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age babies. Early\u2010term delivery may have a very small detrimental effect on cognitive scores, whereas being large for gestational age may have a very small benefit. 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