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Maternal asthma has been associated with a multitude of unwanted pregnancy outcomes, in some studies also with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we investigated associations between maternal asthma and neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied a retrospective population\u2010based cohort of 1\u2009271\u2009439 mother\u2013child pairs from singleton live births in Finland between the years 1996\u20132018. We used multiple high\u2010cover registers for data collection. Adjusted unconditional Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between maternal asthma, asthma medication used during pregnancy, and offspring's neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 106\u2009163 mother\u2013child pairs affected by maternal asthma. We found that maternal asthma was associated with offspring neurodevelopmental disorders, but the differences in absolute prevalence between the control and exposure groups were small. Attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was found in 4114 (3.9%) offspring with maternal asthma and in 32\u2009122 (3.0%) controls (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.49; 95% CI 1.44\u20131.54); autism in 1617 (1.5%) offspring vs 13\u2009701 (1.3%) controls (HR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.26\u20131.40); motor\u2010developmental disorder in 1569 (1.5%) offspring vs 12\u2009147 (1.1%) controls (HR: 1.37; 95% CI 1.30\u20131.45); language disorder in 3057 (2.9%) offspring vs 28\u2009421 (2.7%) controls (HR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.08\u20131.17), learning disabilities in 849 (0.8%) offspring vs 6534 (0.6%) controls (HR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.41\u20131.62); mixed developmental disorder in 1633 (1.5%) offspring vs 14\u2009434 (1.3%) controls (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14\u20131.26); and intellectual disability in 908 (0.9%) vs 9155 (0.9%) controls (HR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.04\u20131.20). No substantial differences were found between allergic and non\u2010allergic asthma phenotypes, and neither allergic tendency nor respiratory infection was associated with a similar likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal asthma and allergic and non\u2010allergic phenotypes showed weak associations with the offspring's neurodevelopmental disorders. The association is concerned especially with learning disabilities, ADHD, motor development, and autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.15008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T12:47:42Z","timestamp":1731588462000},"page":"235-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maternal asthma during pregnancy and the likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5680-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"Kemppainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellbeing Services County of Vantaa and Kerava Kivist\u00f6 Health Station  Vantaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data and Analytics, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Academic Primary Health Care Centre Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry and Invest Research Flagship University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turkka","family":"Kirjavainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics New Children's Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2005.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4104\/pcrj.2013.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08894-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"Duodecim WgsubtFMSDatFCSHTFMS.Asthma: Current Care Guidelines 2022 (Previous Version 2012).2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.19136"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2021.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0258-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0257-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104755"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.847080"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197593"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.43.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60971-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00085704"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22930"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders. 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