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Modern ultrasound equipment allows us to measure vascular impedance in the fetal adrenal arteries despite their modest size. However, extensive anatomical variance is a challenge to standardizing measurements. We set out to improve this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 75 low\u2010risk pregnant women in a prospective cross\u2010sectional study aiming to develop a reliable technique to visualize and measure flow velocity in human fetal adrenal arteries. We used commercially available ultrasound equipment: a GE Voluson 10 2019 with a C2\u20109 probe (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), and a Philips Epiq Elite with a V9\u20102 probe (Philips Medical Systems International B.V., Best, The Netherlands), exploiting the modern sensitive power Doppler modes in both scanners to visualize small vessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 72 fetuses, the inferior adrenal artery was the most consistently visualized and measured artery to the gland. Doppler velocimetry was achieved in 66 (92%) participants. We found the anatomical variation described previously but were able to develop visualization strategies to identify the common arteries and use a consistent Doppler technique for the second half of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is possible to visualize and measure flow velocity in the adrenal arteries of human fetuses. The success rate was highest for the inferior adrenal artery making this vessel a candidate for clinical studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.15011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T12:59:42Z","timestamp":1732798782000},"page":"102-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasound visualization and blood flow velocity measurements of the adrenal arteries in the fetus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4657-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Berg\u00f8y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stavanger University Hospital  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torvid","family":"Kiserud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2931-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rg","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Dalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, Department of Research Stavanger University Hospital  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine Moi","family":"\u00d8kland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stavanger University Hospital  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5163-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragnar Kvie","family":"Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stavanger University Hospital  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62187-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Effects of reducing uterine blood flow on fetal blood flow distribution and oxygen delivery","volume":"15","author":"Jensen A","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dev Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04020109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)90620-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00196-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.08020082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Suprarenal gland\u2010arterial supply: an embryological basis and applied importance","volume":"51","author":"Dutta S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Romanian J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(00)80064-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091440407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"The variant renal and suprarenal blood supply with data on the inferior phrenic, ureteral and gonadal arteries: a statistical analysis based on 185 dissections and review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Merklin RJ","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Int Coll Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(98)80045-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.21.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"(FIPAT) TFIPfAT. 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