{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:52:37Z","timestamp":1791910357666,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Syd\u00e4ntutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["344695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["344695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between preeclampsia (PE) and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well documented. Recent genome\u2010wide association studies of PE have further highlighted their possible common genetic background. We investigated how the history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including the PE phenotype, and normotensive pregnancy, combined with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for PE (PE\u2010PRS), high systolic blood pressure (SBP\u2010PRS), coronary artery disease (CAD\u2010PRS) or stroke (stroke\u2010PRS), affects the risk for CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in the FinnGen cohort of 213\u2009942 Finnish women, including 8858 women with PE, 17916 women with any HDP, and 196\u2009026 parous controls. PE women were included in the HDP phenotype. Participants were classified based on their PRSs into three groups: low (&lt;20%), moderate (20\u201380%) and high (&gt;80%) genetic risk. Women with normotensive pregnancies and moderate PRSs served as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with PE and a high genetic risk for PE, high SBP, CAD, and stroke had a significantly increased risk of CVD compared to women with normotensive pregnancies and a moderate genetic risk. The hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were 1.87 for PE\u2010PRS, 2.31 for SBP\u2010PRS, 1.94 for CAD\u2010PRS, and 2.07 for stroke\u2010PRS, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>. A similar pattern was observed in women with any HDP. Among women with normotensive pregnancies, a high genetic risk led to only a modest increase in CVD risk. The corresponding HRs were 1.07 for PE\u2010PRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>), 1.32 for SBP\u2010PRS, 1.19 for CAD\u2010PRS, and 1.16 for stroke\u2010PRS (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>). Across all four PRSs, the impact of PE and any HDP on CVD risk was greater than that of genetic risk alone. The elevated CVD risk persisted up to the age of 80.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with PE or any HDP, a high genetic risk for PE, high SBP, CAD, and stroke further increases the overall risk of CVD. Among women with normotensive pregnancies, a high genetic risk confers only a modest increase in CVD risk. In evaluating long\u2010term CVD risk, clinical risk assessment, including obstetric history, appears to outperform genetic risk evaluation using PRSs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T06:36:09Z","timestamp":1754030169000},"page":"1907-1917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long\u2010term cardiovascular risk in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Insights from polygenic risk scores"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kivioja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kanta\u2010H\u00e4me Central Hospital, the Wellbeing Services County of Kanta\u2010H\u00e4me  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Tyrmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elli","family":"Toivonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tampere University Hospital, the Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FinnGen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1202-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiina","family":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kettunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Epidemiology, Research 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Finland"},{"name":"Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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