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Fetal fractional limb volume has been proposed as a useful parameter for predicting birth weight and quantifying fetal soft tissue development. However, the relationship between umbilical cord serum IGF\u20101 levels and fetal fractional limb volume remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association of cord serum IGF\u20101 levels with longitudinal changes in fetal fractional limb volume in uncomplicated pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective study, 96 singleton pregnancies were followed. Fetal 3D ultrasonography was performed longitudinally at 24, 30, and 36\u2009weeks of gestation to assess fractional arm volume and thigh volumes as cylindrical limb volumes, derived from 50% of the fetal total diaphysis length. Cord serum IGF\u20101 levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The relationship between cord blood IGF\u20101 levels and fetal fractional limb volume was analyzed using multiple linear regression; adjusted for potential confounding factors including maternal age, parity, pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, fetal sex, and gestational age at assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean cord serum IGF\u20101 was 52.8\u2009\u00b1\u200918.4\u2009ng\/mL (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD). IGF\u20101 levels were not associated with fetal fractional limb volumes at 24\u2009weeks and 30\u2009weeks but were significantly correlated with fractional arm volume (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.290,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and fractional thigh volume (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.289,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) at 36\u2009weeks. After adjusting for covariates, cord serum IGF\u20101 explained 7.0% and 10.6% of the variation in fractional arm and thigh volumes at 36\u2009weeks, respectively. Although IGF\u20101 was significantly correlated with the birth weight percentile, it did not correlate with the estimated fetal weight at 36\u2009weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cord serum IGF\u20101 levels significantly correlated with fetal fractional limb volumes in late gestation. Fractional limb volume may be an earlier and more sensitive ultrasound parameter affected by serum IGF\u20101 level than estimated fetal weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T12:29:03Z","timestamp":1755088143000},"page":"2102-2108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Umbilical cord serum insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 is associated with growth of fetal fractional limb volume: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Ikenoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo 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