{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:58:21Z","timestamp":1780671501836,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031365","name":"Oslo universitetssykehus HF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few previous studies have examined the association between the indication for induction of labor (IOL) and the mode of delivery. To improve information for clinicians and women undergoing IOL, our study aimed to assess the association between the indication for IOL and the risk of cesarean and operative vaginal birth among nulliparous women with single cephalic term pregnancies. Furthermore, we examined whether associations varied by gestational length. Lastly, we evaluated reasons for cesarean and operative vaginal birth across indications for IOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 2020 to 2021. We used the registered main indication for IOL. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate relative risk ratios (RRRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cesarean and operative vaginal birth versus spontaneous vaginal birth for the different IOL indications, using prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) as the reference indication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of cesarean versus spontaneous vaginal birth was four times higher for women induced due to large fetus compared to women induced due to PROM (adjusted RRR: 4.39; 95% CI: 3.21 to 5.99). Indications such as maternal request, post\u2010term pregnancy, oligo\u2212\/polyhydramnios, preeclampsia\/hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a 40%\u201391% increased relative risk of cesarean versus spontaneous vaginal birth compared to PROM. Relative risk of operative vaginal versus spontaneous vaginal birth was increased by 23%\u201329% for oligo\u2212\/polyhydramnios, diabetes, and post\u2010term pregnancy compared to PROM. Indication large fetus had similar relative risk ratios at all gestational lengths. Rate of operative delivery for fetal distress was highest for IOL due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). For secondary outcomes, IOL due to IUGR had the highest proportions of cesarean and operative vaginal birth for fetal distress. Indication post\u2010term pregnancy had the highest proportion of cesarean birth for prolonged labor, while large fetus had the highest proportion of operative vaginal birth for prolonged labor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nulliparous women undergoing IOL for indications such as large fetus, post\u2010term pregnancy, oligo\u2010\/polyhydramnios, preeclampsia\/hypertension, and diabetes are at an elevated relative risk of cesarean versus spontaneous vaginal birth compared to IOL for PROM. In contrast, the relative risk of operative vaginal birth showed less variation by indication for IOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T03:34:52Z","timestamp":1759289692000},"page":"2165-2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is indication for induction of labor associated with mode of delivery in term first births? A Norwegian registry\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1668-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Tangnes","family":"Leeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond Melbye","family":"Michelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Flem","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslak Vimme","family":"Solhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Gunnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, Research Support Services Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvil Krarup","family":"S\u00f8rbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000824"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Inducing Labour","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800566"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00377-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000152338.76759.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03334-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24764"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13743"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xagr.2022.100109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13561"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"MBRRACE\u2010UK Perinatal Mortality Surveillance Report. The Infant Mortality and Morbidity Studies","author":"Draper ESGI","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13948"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286863"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14433"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkjgom.21.2.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4171-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.993965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12930"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xagr.2022.100099"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","article-title":"Instruments for assisted vaginal birth","volume":"9","author":"Verma GL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","unstructured":"Medical Birth Registry of Norway \u2013 purpose and responsibilities: Norwegian Institute of Public Health.2023. Updated 17.11. 2023.https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/ch\/medical\u2010birth\u2010registry\u2010of\u2010norway\/medical\u2010birth\u2010registry\u2010of\u2010norway\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0965539501000122"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","unstructured":"DalakerK.Veileder i f\u00f8dselshjelp Lysaker:Den norske l\u00e6geforening.1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","unstructured":"MorkenN\u2010H HaavaldsenC HeimstadR et\u00a0al.Overtidig svangerskap [Post\u2010Term Pregnancy]. Norsk gynekologisk forening.2020. [Updated 11.05.20; cited 2024 17.09].https:\/\/www.legeforeningen.no\/foreningsledd\/fagmed\/norsk\u2010gynekologisk\u2010forening\/veiledere\/arkiv\u2010utgatte\u2010veiledere"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","unstructured":"StaffA AndersgaardAB HenriksenT et\u00a0al.Hypertensive svangerskapskomplikasjoner og eklampsi [Hypertensive pregnancy complications and eclampsia]: Metodebok.no.2024. [Updated 17.07.24].https:\/\/metodebok.no\/emne\/K4U6nNQ3."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","unstructured":"FriisCMR Str\u00f8mEM OedingHH ToftJH RolanaMCP ThordarsonH.Svangerskapsdiabetes (Gestational diabetes) metodebok.no: Norsk gynekologisk forening.2020[Updated 08.01.25].https:\/\/metodebok.no\/index.php?action=topic&item=gUetTSmM."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","unstructured":"Sj\u00f8borgK MichelsenTM SalvesenK\u00c5 EllingsenL.Preterm vannavgang (pPROM) og prim\u00e6r vannavgang ved\/n\u00e6r termin (PROM): Norsk Gynekologisk Forening.2016.https:\/\/www.legeforeningen.no\/foreningsledd\/fagmed\/norsk\u2010gynekologisk\u2010forening\/veiledere\/arkiv\u2010utgatte\u2010veiledere\/veileder\u2010i\u2010fodselshjelp\u20102014\/22.\u2010preterm\u2010vannavgang\u2010pprom\u2010og\u2010primar\u2010vannavgang\u2010vednar\u2010termin\u2010prom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","unstructured":"EbbingCA SitrasG HelbigV HusbyA.Intrauterin veksthemming. Norsk Gynekologisk Forening.2016.https:\/\/www.legeforeningen.no\/foreningsledd\/fagmed\/norsk\u2010gynekologisk\u2010forening\/veiledere\/arkiv\u2010utgatte\u2010veiledere\/veileder\u2010i\u2010fodselshjelp\u20102014\/27.\u2010intrauterin\u2010veksthemming\u2010revidert\u20102016."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","unstructured":"\u00d8verlandEH AlexanderS L\u00f8vvikTS WaageR.Skulderdystoci Veileder i f\u00f8dselshjelp: Norsk gynekologisk forening.2023.https:\/\/www.legeforeningen.no\/contentassets\/914e894086fb42c996a8bb8fac45b25b\/skulderdystoci.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 18","author":"StataCorp","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00162-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","article-title":"Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia","volume":"3","author":"Boulvain M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870150604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.065"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.70060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1761894259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.70060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.70060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.70060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}