{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T11:07:56Z","timestamp":1771067276716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), the rate of fetal blood sampling (FBS) among women undergoing a trial of labor has markedly decreased over the past 20\u2009years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of this decline with birth outcomes and how maternal and delivery characteristics have changed over the extended study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective registry\u2010based study included 40\u2009309 singleton pregnancies with a live vertex\u2010presenting fetus at or beyond 33\u2009weeks of gestation with a trial of labor and deliveries between January 2002 and December 2021. Prenatal and birth data were obtained from the KUH birth registry, and variables were analyzed across four intervals of 5\u2009years. The evaluated birth outcomes included the mode of delivery, labor induction, meconium\u2010stained or bloody amniotic fluid, birthweight, 5\u2010min Apgar scores, physician\u2010diagnosed asphyxia, perinatal death, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the 20\u2010year study period, intrapartum FBS was performed in 3486 cases (8.6%), while 36\u2009823 women (91.4%) delivered without FBS. The use of FBS declined from 11.7% to 3.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001). Concurrently, the rate of spontaneous vaginal deliveries increased from 83.6% to 87.6%, whereas nonelective cesarean deliveries decreased from 8.4% to 4.3%. Fewer newborns were diagnosed with asphyxia by physicians and admitted to the NICU. However, the incidence of low 5\u2010min Apgar scores (&lt;7) peaked with a 77.8% increase during the last study period compared to the preceding one, coinciding with the lowest rate of FBS use. General trends included declines in birth rate, maternal smoking, and gestational age at birth, as well as increases in maternal age, body mass index, and the rate of labor induction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The change in FBS rate may reflect evolving clinical assessment criteria and more stringent selection strategies for its use. However, it may also be associated with an increased number of cases presenting with low Apgar scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T10:48:06Z","timestamp":1764413286000},"page":"346-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Twenty\u2010year trends in fetal scalp\u2010blood sampling and birth outcomes: A single\u2010center retrospective cohort study of 40\u2009309 women in labor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Saana","family":"Pietil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arttu","family":"M\u00f6nkk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"North Karelia Central Hospital  Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5354-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leea","family":"Keski\u2010Nisula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00704"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14752"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","article-title":"Fetal scalp stimulation for assessing fetal well\u2010being during labour","volume":"10","author":"Murphy DJ","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70242"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12421"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199901000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12271"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39553.406991.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e318213e644"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2006.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33082-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13327"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","article-title":"Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour","volume":"2","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).Fetal monitoring in labour. 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