{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:53:19Z","timestamp":1792403599485,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Term full dilatation cesarean delivery (FDCD) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The impact of preterm FDCD on recurrent sPTB is unknown. We investigated the relationship between recurrent sPTB and the mode of prior sPTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women attending two high\u2010risk preterm birth surveillance clinics (University College London Hospital and St Thomas' Hospital London, UK), with one previous sPTB (24\u201336\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks). Women were categorized according to their mode of birth in the index sPTB pregnancy: (1) preterm FDCD, (2) preterm vaginal birth and (3) preterm cesarean delivery at &lt;10\u2009cm cervical dilatation (CD\u2009&lt;\u200910\u2009cm). The primary outcome was recurrent sPTB &lt;37\u2009weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes included sPTB &lt;34\u2009weeks, &lt;28\u2009weeks, spontaneous late miscarriage and short cervical length (\u226425\u2009mm). In a subgroup of women with preterm FDCD, CD scar characteristics were assessed during the second trimester of pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median gestation of prior sPTB was similar across all groups (32\u2009weeks;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.454). Recurrent sPTB &lt;37\u2009weeks was significantly more common in women with previous preterm FDCD, 38.1% (8\/21) compared to vaginal birth, 15.1% (16\/106) or CD\u2009&lt;\u200910\u2009cm, 13.8% (15\/109); aOR 4.4 (95% CI 1.3\u201314.9;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) and 5.1 (95% CI 1.6\u201316.5;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), respectively. Recurrent sPTB &lt;34\u2009weeks was even higher in the previous preterm FDCD group, 23.8% (5\/21) compared to vaginal birth 4.7% (5\/106) or CD\u2009&lt;\u200910\u2009cm 8.3% (9\/109); aOR 16.6 (95% CI 2.8\u201397.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016) and 5.7 (95% CI 1.4\u201323.1;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), respectively. CD scar location was assessed in 15 women with preterm FDCD in one centre. Scar visualization was 87%, with 77% (10\/13) of scars being located within the cervix or &lt;5\u2009mm above the internal cervical os.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women undergoing FDCD following preterm labor have a significantly higher risk of recurrent sPTB at &lt;37 and &lt;34\u2009weeks of gestation compared to women with previous preterm vaginal birth or CD prior to the second stage of labor. These findings suggest that preterm FDCD may further compromise cervical function. It is important that clinicians are aware of this increased risk of recurrent sPTB to guide patient counseling and management accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:52:32Z","timestamp":1768891952000},"page":"528-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth following preterm full dilatation cesarean delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London 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