{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:11:56Z","timestamp":1793045516919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening for postnatal depression is widely acknowledged as an important public health initiative. The Whooley case\u2010finding questions are well suited for screening purposes in primary health care settings, as the instrument is quick and easy to administer. However, the validity and diagnostic accuracy among postpartum women remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Whooley questions compared to the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) in a community sample of postpartum women in Norway. The diagnostic accuracy of the Whooley questions was examined across different EPDS thresholds and compared to the measures of related constructs, including symptoms of childbirth\u2010related post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data were collected through an online questionnaire by postpartum women (0\u201352\u2009weeks postpartum), recruited via social media, well\u2010baby clinics, and other locations frequently visited by postpartum women. In total, 1154 women participated. The diagnostic accuracy of the Whooley questions was compared to three commonly used EPDS cutoffs (\u226510, \u226512, and \u226513).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sensitivity of the Whooley questions relative to the EPDS was high and increased with higher thresholds for defining depression, correctly identifying 89% (EPDS \u226510), 96% (EPDS \u226512), and 97% (EPDS \u226513) of cases. Specificity was somewhat lower, at 0.82 (EPDS \u226510), 0.77 (EPDS \u226512), and 0.75 (EPDS \u226513). Positive predictive values were low, whereas negative predictive values were excellent, ranging from 0.97 (EPDS \u226510), through 0.99 (EPDS \u226512) to 1.00 (EPDS \u226513), increasing with higher thresholds. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by strong correlations with EPDS scores and moderate correlations with symptoms of childbirth\u2010related PTSD and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Norwegian version of the Whooley questions demonstrates strong psychometric properties, supporting their usefulness as a case\u2010finding tool for depression among postnatal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T06:11:01Z","timestamp":1770099061000},"page":"436-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validity and accuracy of the Whooley questions to identify symptoms of depression in Norwegian postpartum women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6746-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamilla","family":"Rognmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology UiT the Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silje","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Garthus\u2010Niegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TUD Dresden University of Technology  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Childhood and 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