{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1783836438376,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the total population and for groups of non\u2010immigrant and immigrant women, we examined the associations of maternal type 1 diabetes with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who gave birth in Norway from 1999 to 2021. Further, we examined the associations between the two time periods 1999\u20132014 and 2015\u20132021 and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and whether these associations differed in women with or without type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this nationwide population\u2010based observational study, with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway 1999\u20132021, we used logistic regression to examine the associations between type 1 diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, differences in ORs for adverse pregnancy outcomes between those with and without type 1 diabetes were compared for the two time periods 1999\u20132014 and 2015\u20132021 using interaction analyses. Analyses were performed for the overall population, as well as separately for non\u2010immigrant (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009964\u2009542) and immigrant women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009257\u2009409).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women with type 1 diabetes (non\u2010immigrant women\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095067 and immigrant women\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009619) had higher ORs for almost all adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 1.41\u201311.04) compared to women without diabetes in the period 1999\u20132021. In the time period 2015\u20132021, compared to 1999\u20132014, women with type 1 diabetes had a notably reduced OR of congenital malformations compared to those without diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic>p interaction<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.006). Immigrant women with type 1 diabetes had a higher OR in 2015\u20132021 vs. 1999\u20132014 of having large for gestational age infants (\n                      <jats:italic>p interaction<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with type 1 diabetes had higher odds of most of the examined adverse pregnancy outcomes, though improvements were observed from 2015 to 2021 compared to 1999\u20132014, particularly a reduction in congenital malformations. In contrast, immigrants had higher odds of large for gestational age. These findings highlight the continued need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden of adverse outcomes in all women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1779430196000},"page":"1502-1514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: A nationwide, population\u2010based study, 1999\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9705-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid Melteig","family":"Stalheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy Miodini","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Functioning Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"Vangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre for Women's Health Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9472-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline Skirnisdottir","family":"Vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Caring Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patji","family":"Aln\u00e6s\u2010Katjavivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein Memelink","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Caring Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4406-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tore Julsrud","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragnhild Bjark\u00f8y","family":"Strandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Caring Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.10.1516"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"\u00c5rsrapport for Medisinsk f\u00f8dselsregister 2022. 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