{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T18:24:15Z","timestamp":1760898255147},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) has been shown to inactivate blood\u2010borne pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. The method may be used to purify blood in the body, kill pathogenic microorganisms, and treat difficult diseases. Our aim was to investigate the safety of photodynamic blood purification (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBP<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy using an in vivo blood circulation experiment in an animal model. Twenty\u2010four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ew <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Z<\/jats:styled-content>ealand rabbits were used as experimental subjects; 12 received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> and 12 served as negative controls. Extracorporeal blood bypass was established using the femoral artery and vein. A sterile disposable irradiation chamber was connected in the bypass pathway. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether was injected intravenously as a photosensitizer with an initial bolus of 3.7\u2009mg, followed by a continuous infusion at 24\u2009mg\/h during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> administration. Five minutes after initial injection, a laser beam was vertically focused on the irradiation chamber side wall, with a 9.5\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> spot area, 1\u2009h exposure time, and 20\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mW<\/jats:styled-content>\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> power density. Six animals received a single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> application, and six received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> every other day for three applications. The 12 control group animals underwent extracorporeal blood circulation but did not receive the photosensitizer or light treatment. Blood samples were taken 20\u2009min, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> treatment for analysis of cell counts, coagulation, liver and renal function, and other biochemical changes. On the 7th day, animals were sacrificed, and parenchymal organs were evaluated for morphological changes. There were no significant differences in white blood cells, red blood cells, or destroyingplatelets after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> compared with the control group. There was a little significant difference in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3\u2010glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> group compared with the control group, except at individual time points. We found no significant damage in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, or other organs after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>. This short\u2010duration, fixed\u2010strength <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBP<\/jats:styled-content> method did not cause changes in blood parameters or in the structure or function of major organs in an animal model. These findings suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBP<\/jats:styled-content> is safe in vivo and has potential as a new therapy for inactivating blood\u2010borne microorganisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T10:08:18Z","timestamp":1390298898000},"page":"510-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preliminary Safety Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy for Blood Purification: An Animal Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie of Laser Medicine Biomedical Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Laser Technology Medical Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guorong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie of Cardiovascular Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie of Laser Medicine Biomedical Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Laser Technology Medical Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department Taiyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deling","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie of Cardiovascular Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education Nankai University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorie of Laser Medicine Biomedical Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Laser Technology Medical Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v25.i1-2.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b311903n"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evolution of epidemic investigations and field epidemiology during the MMWR era at CDC\u20141961\u20132011","volume":"60","author":"Brachman PS","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"The treatment of patients with HIV","volume":"107","author":"Vogel M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138955710791185145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-008-0172-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40091081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"The use of dimethylmethylene blue for virus photoinactivation of red cell suspensions","volume":"102","author":"Wagner SJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (psd\u2010044) in rabbits","volume":"21","author":"Chen WH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chin J Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/CJL20093610.2705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-1013-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-16-9-391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1091-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Photochemical inactivation of viruses and bacteriophage in plasma and plasma fractions","volume":"18","author":"Morel P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2011.09.004"}],"container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faor.12206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aor.12206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T18:20:06Z","timestamp":1696530006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aor.12206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aor.12206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.12206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-564X","1525-1594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-564X","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]}}}