{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:17:00Z","timestamp":1783041420189,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOHE)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UM.C\/HIR\/MOHE\/ENG\/50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM.C\/HIR\/MOHE\/ENG\/50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Clinically adequate implementation of physiological control of a rotary left ventricular assist device requires a sophisticated technique such as the recently proposed method based on the Frank\u2013Starling mechanism. In this mechanism, the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the left ventricle at the end of diastole. To emulate this process, changes in pump speed need to automatically regulate pump flow to ensure that the combined output of the left ventricle and pump match the output of the right ventricle across changing cardiovascular states. In this approach, we exploit the linear relationship between estimated mean pump flow <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/aor12223-math-5001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:0160564X:media:aor12223:aor12223-math-5001\"\/> and pump flow pulsatility <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/aor12223-math-5002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:0160564X:media:aor12223:aor12223-math-5002\"\/> in a tracking control algorithm based on sliding mode control. The immediate response of the controller was assessed using a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system (CVS) and pump from which could be extracted both <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/aor12223-math-5003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:0160564X:media:aor12223:aor12223-math-5003\"\/> and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/aor12223-math-5004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:0160564X:media:aor12223:aor12223-math-5004\"\/>. Two different perturbations from the resting state in the presence of left ventricular failure were tested. The first was blood loss requiring a reduction in pump flow to match the reduced output from the right ventricle and to avoid the complication of ventricular suction. The second was exercise, requiring an increase in pump flow. The sliding mode controller induced the required changes in Q<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> within approximately five heart beats in the blood loss simulation and eight heart beats in the exercise simulation without clinically significant transients or steady\u2010state errors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T09:48:42Z","timestamp":1385459322000},"page":"587-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Sliding Mode\u2010Based <scp>S<\/scp>tarling\u2010Like Controller for Implantable Rotary Blood Pumps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mohsen A.","family":"Bakouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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