{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:07:08Z","timestamp":1768583228364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Bacillus C<\/jats:styled-content>almette\u2013G<\/jats:styled-content>uerin (BCG<\/jats:styled-content>) has been shown to have therapeutic effects on asthma through CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+ regulatory T<\/jats:styled-content> cells (T<\/jats:styled-content>regs). We sought to assess pretreatment with inactivated BCG<\/jats:styled-content> on CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+ T<\/jats:styled-content>regs and its functional and structural effects in rat asthma model. The rat asthma model was established using ovalbumin (OVA<\/jats:styled-content>) sensitization and challenge. Ten rats were pretreated with BCG<\/jats:styled-content> prior to OVA<\/jats:styled-content> and received continued BCG<\/jats:styled-content> injections during OVA<\/jats:styled-content> challenge (BCG<\/jats:styled-content>+OVA<\/jats:styled-content> group), 10 rats were treated with OVA<\/jats:styled-content> alone (OVA<\/jats:styled-content> group), and 10 rats were treated with saline (control group). After 9 weeks, histamine dihydrochloride effect on airway resistance was measured. Number of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+ T<\/jats:styled-content>regs was measured by flow cytometry, expression of F<\/jats:styled-content>oxp3 and CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> was measured, and serum TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 levels were determined. Differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF<\/jats:styled-content>) was determined, and lung tissue was processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, M<\/jats:styled-content>asson's trichrome, and alcine blue and periodic acid S<\/jats:styled-content>chiff's reaction to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and presence of goblet cells, respectively. BCG<\/jats:styled-content> treatment led to an increase in CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+ T<\/jats:styled-content>regs, as well as an increase in F<\/jats:styled-content>oxp3 and CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 expression and serum TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 levels. In addition, we observed a decrease in histamine dihydrochloride\u2013induced airway resistance, a decrease in inflammatory leukocytes in BALF<\/jats:styled-content>, and a decrease in airway remodeling indicators in BCG<\/jats:styled-content>+OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats compared with OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats. Intradermally injected inactivated BCG<\/jats:styled-content> has the potential to improve airway inflammation, airway resistance, and airway remodeling through a mechanism that may involve CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+ T<\/jats:styled-content>regs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,24]],"date-time":"2015-10-24T15:30:22Z","timestamp":1445700622000},"page":"360-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pretreatment With Inactivated Bacillus C<\/scp>almette\u2013G<\/scp>uerin Increases CD<\/scp>4+CD<\/scp>25+ Regulatory T<\/scp> Cell Function and Decreases Functional and Structural Effects of Asthma Induction in a Rat Asthma Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Pin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Relationship between thymus and activation\u2010regulated chemokine and asthma","volume":"26","author":"Zheng JS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Respir"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5296.77","article-title":"The 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