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Unfortunately, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content> patients face the requirement of life\u2010long antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy to combat thrombotic complications resulting from the dynamic and supraphysiologic shear stress conditions associated with such devices, whose effect on platelet activation is poorly understood. We developed a syringe\u2010capillary viscometer\u2014the \u201cplatelet hammer\u201d\u2014that repeatedly exposed platelets to average shear stresses up to 1000 dyne\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for as short as 25 ms. Platelet activation state was measured using a modified prothrombinase assay, with morphological changes analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. We observed an increase in platelet activation state and post\u2010high shear platelet activation rate, or sensitization, with an increase in stress accumulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>), the product of shear stress and exposure time. A significant increase in platelet activation state was observed beyond an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> of 1500 dyne\u2010s\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, with a marked increase in pseudopod length visible beyond an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> of 1000 dyne\u2010s\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Utility of the platelet hammer extends to studies of other shear\u2010dependent pathologies, and may assist development of approaches to enhance the safety and effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content> devices and objective antithrombotic pharmacotherapy management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1446528963000},"page":"586-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Repetitive Hypershear Activates and Sensitizes Platelets in a Dose\u2010Dependent Manner"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jawaad","family":"Sheriff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University  Stony Brook NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phat L.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"DeCook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin J.","family":"Slepian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University  Stony Brook NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Bluestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University  Stony Brook NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolyon","family":"Jesty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University  Stony Brook NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.060830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"INTERMACS.Intermacs Quarterly Statistical Report: 2014 Q4. 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