{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:46:18Z","timestamp":1791218778702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSC 100-2313-B-002-047-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 100-2313-B-002-047-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of whole\u2010tooth regeneration using a tooth germ\u2010like construct. Dental pulp from upper incisors, canines, premolars, and molars were extracted from sexually mature miniature pigs. Pulp tissues were cultured and expanded in vitro to obtain dental pulp stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPSCs<\/jats:styled-content>), and cells were differentiated into odontoblasts and osteoblasts. Epithelial cells were isolated from gingival epithelium. The epithelial cells, odontoblasts, and osteoblasts were seeded onto the surface, upper, and lower layers, respectively, of a bioactive scaffold. The lower first and second molar tooth germs were removed bilaterally and the layered cell\/scaffold constructs were transplanted to the mandibular alveolar socket of a pig. At 13.5 months postimplantation, seven of eight pigs developed two teeth with crown, root, and pulp structures. Enamel\u2010like tissues, dentin, cementum, odontoblasts, and periodontal tissues were found upon histological inspection. The regenerated tooth expressed dentin matrix protein\u20101 and osteopontin. All pigs had regenerated molar teeth regardless of the original tooth used to procure the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPSCs<\/jats:styled-content>. Pigs that had tooth germs removed or who received empty scaffolds did not develop teeth. Although periodontal ligaments were generated, ankylosis was found in some animals. This study revealed that implantation of a tooth germ\u2010like structure generated a complete tooth with a high success rate. The implant location may influence the morphology of the regenerated tooth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T04:26:47Z","timestamp":1447907207000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tooth Germ\u2010Like Construct Transplantation for Whole\u2010Tooth Regeneration: An In Vivo Study in the Miniature Pig"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kai\u2010Chiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology College of Oral Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials &amp; Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Matsumoto Dental University  Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Chin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics En Chu Kong Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010Hueng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thai\u2010Yen","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzong\u2010Fu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute 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