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The aim of this study was to identify factors beneficial for tissue regeneration in the bridging area in this model and to describe the histological progression 20 days after replacement with a silicone\u2010stented Biodesign mesh. Resection of 3\u2009cm of intrathoracic esophagus and replacement with a bridging graft was performed in six newly weaned piglets. They were fed through a gastrostomy for 10 days, and then had probe formula orally for another 10 days prior to sacrifice. Two out of six piglets had stent loss prior to sacrifice. In the four piglets with the stent in place, a tissue tube, with visible muscle in the wall, was seen at sacrifice. Histology showed that the wall of the healing area was well organized with layers of inflammatory cells, in\u2010growing vessels, and smooth muscle cells. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163+ macrophages was seen toward the esophageal lumen. In the animals where the stent was lost, the bridging area was narrow, and histology showed a less organized structure in the bridging area without the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163+ macrophages. This study indicates that regenerative healing was seen in the porcine esophagus 20 days after replacement of a part of the intrathoracic esophagus with a silicone\u2010stented Biodesign mesh, if the bridging graft is retained. If the graft is lost, the inflammatory pattern changes with invasion of proinflammatory, M1 macrophages in the entire wall, which seems to redirect the healing process toward scar formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T12:15:00Z","timestamp":1450181700000},"page":"950-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Macrophage Phenotype Is Associated With the Regenerative Response in Experimental Replacement of the Porcine Esophagus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Linus","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of Pediatric Surgery University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Dellenmark Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of Pediatric Surgery 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