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This induced standing has several benefits, such as improved cardiovascular function, decreased incidence of urinary infections, reduced joint contractures, and muscle atrophy. The duration of sFES assisted standing is limited due to the quick onset of muscle fatigue. Currently, there is no method available to reliably estimate real\u2010time muscle fatigue during sFES. Simply monitoring the M\u2010wave changes is not suitable due to the high signal disturbances that arise during multi\u2010channel electrical stimulation. Mechanomyography (MMG) is immune to electrical stimulation artifacts and can be used to detect subtle vibrations on the surface of the skin related to activation of the underlying muscle's motor units (MU). The aim of this study was to develop a method for detecting muscle fatigue brought on by sFES. The method was tested in three different heads of the quadriceps muscle in SCI patients during electrically elicited quasi\u2010isometric contraction. Six spinal cord\u2013injured male volunteers, with no voluntary control of the quadriceps muscle participated in the study. Electrical bursts of voltage\u2010controlled monophasic square pulses at frequencies of 1 kHz (50% duty cycle) at 50 Hz (15% duty cycle) were used to generate thigh muscle contractions that controlled the knee joint in the sagittal plane. The pulse amplitudes were set to position the knee joint at a 5\u00b0 angle from the horizontal plane and when the knee angle dropped to 20\u00b0 (e.g., the quadriceps were unable to hold the lower leg in the desired position), the test was terminated. Two data segments lasting 10 s each, at the beginning and end of each test, were analyzed. The muscle contraction was assessed by MMG sensors positioned on the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles. Data segments were decomposed into 11 frequency bands using a Cauchy wavelet transform. In the initial time interval (non\u2010fatigued muscle), the power peak was concentrated in the 11.31 Hz frequency band. In the final interval (muscle fatigued) this peak shifted to lower frequencies (2 and 6 Hz frequency bands). The decreased frequency was most prominent during the last 4 s of the recordings. It was shown that MMG could be used as a real\u2010time indicator of muscle fatigue during FES\u2010induced isometric contraction of quadriceps; hence, MMG could be used in closed\u2010loop control as a fatigue detector. Subsequent studies for non\u2010isometric contractions could possibly lead to prediction of muscle fatigue before contractile failure during functional use of the muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T09:38:05Z","timestamp":1501580285000},"page":"208-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mechanomyography\u2010Based Wearable Monitor of Quasi\u2010Isometric Muscle Fatigue for Motor Neural Prostheses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Eddy","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation Laboratory Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Popovi\u0107\u2010Maneski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Percy","family":"Nohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Technology Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cuor.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8087-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310366129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.822765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100679","article-title":"Muscle atrophy is prevented in patients with acute spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation","volume":"36","author":"Baldi JC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90191-X","article-title":"Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep\u00ae 1 ambulation system: part 4. 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