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Chondrocytes were grown in vitro for up to 5 weeks and subjected to various assays at different time points (1, 7, 21, and 35 days). For in vivo implantation, full\u2010thickness defects (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 5) were manually created on the trochlear groove of the both knees of rabbits (16\u2010week old) and 3 week\u2010cultured SF construct was implanted as an allograft for a month. The left knee defects were implanted with 1, 7, and 21 days in vitro cultured scaffold\u2010free engineered cartilages. (group 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The maturity of the engineered cartilages was evaluated by histological, chemical and mechanical assays. The repair of damaged cartilages was also evaluated by gross images and histological observations at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postsurgery. Although defect of groups 1, 2, and 3 were repaired with fibrocartilage tissues, group 4 (21 days) showed hyaline cartilage in the histological observation. In particular, mature matrix and columnar organization of chondrocytes and highly expressed type II collagen were observed only in 21 days in  vitro cultured SF cartilage (group 4) at 12 weeks. As a conclusion, cartilage repair with maturation was recapitulated when implanted the 21 day in vitro cultured scaffold\u2010free engineered cartilage. When implanting tissue\u2010engineered cartilage, the maturity of the cartilage tissue along with the cultivation period can affect the cartilage repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1540895915000},"page":"278-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Sizable Scaffold\u2010Free Tissue\u2010Engineered Articular Cartilage Construct for Cartilage Defect Repair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6919-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u2010Su","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Center Ajou University Medical center Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ri Long","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ju","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minh\u2010Dung","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Center Ajou University Medical center Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Hyune","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Hyug","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Do Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Center Ajou University Medical center Suwon Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoung\u2010Hyun","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy Center Ajou University Medical center Suwon Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Ajou University Suwon Korea"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. 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