{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:24:54Z","timestamp":1789640694317,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The primary role of bone tissue engineering is to reconcile the damaged bones and facilitate the speedy recovery of the injured bones. However, some of the investigated metallic implants suffer from stress\u2010shielding, palpability, biocompatibility,\n                    <jats:italic>etc<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Consequently, the biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers have gathered much attention from researchers and thus helped the tissue engineering sector by providing many alternative materials whose functionality is similar to that of natural bones. Herein, we present the fabrication and testing of a novel composite, magnesium (Mg)\u2010doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) glazed onto polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds where polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used as a binder. For the composite formation, Creality Ender\u20103 pro High Precision 3D Printer with Shape tool 3D Technology on an FSD machine operated by Catia design software was employed. The composite has been characterized for the crystallinity (XRD), surface functionality (FTIR), morphology (FESEM), biocompatibility (hemolytic and protein absorption), and mechanical properties (stress\u2010strain and maximum compressive strength). The powder XRD analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature and intact structure of HAp even after doping with Mg, while FTIR studies for the successful formation of Mg\u2010HAp\/PVA@PLA composite. The FESEM provided analysis indicated for the 3D porous architecture and well\u2010defined morphology to efficiently transport the nutrients, and the biocompatibility studies are supporting that the composite for blood compatible with the surface being suitable enough for the protein absorption. Finally, the composite's antibacterial activity (against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the test of mechanical properties supported for the enhanced inhibition of active growth of microorganisms and maximum compressive strength, respectively. Based on the research outcomes of biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical resistance, the fabricated Mg\u2010HAp\/PVA@PLA composite suits well as a promising biomaterial platform for orthopedic applications by functioning towards the open reduction internal fixation of bone fractures and internal repairs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T08:25:05Z","timestamp":1627287905000},"page":"1501-1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Bone tissue engineering potentials of 3D printed magnesium\u2010hydroxyapatite in polylactic acid composite scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2917-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayasingh","family":"Anita Lett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0393-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Sagadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"L\u00e9onard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de Compi\u00e8gne ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de recherche Royallieu Compi\u00e8gne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Is","family":"Fatimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Islam Indonesia Kampus Terpadu UII Sleman Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Motalib Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruq","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamad A.","family":"Al\u2010Lohedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suriati","family":"Paiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solhe F.","family":"Alshahateet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Mutah University Mutah Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiful Izwan","family":"Abd Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia"},{"name":"Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Rafie","family":"Johan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 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