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In our previous studies, blood taken from the maternal ewe was used as the basis of priming solutions for the artificial placenta circuit. However, the use of maternal blood as a priming solution is accompanied by several challenges. We explored the use of synthetic red cells (hemoglobin vesicles; HbV) as the basis of a priming solution for APT used to manage extremely early preterm ovine fetuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six ewes with singleton pregnancies at 95 d gestation (term = 150 d) were adapted to APT and maintained with constant monitoring of key vital parameters. The target maintenance period was 72 h in duration. A synthetic red cell solution consisting of HbV, sheep albumin and electrolytes was used as priming solutions for the APT circuit. Fetuses were evaluated on gross appearance, physiological parameters and bleeding after euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two out of six APT fetuses were successfully maintained for the targeted 72\u00a0h experimental period with controllable anemia (&gt;10\u00a0g\/dl) and methemoglobinemia (&lt;10%) using an infusion of blood transfusion and nitroglycerin delivered &gt;1 h after APT commencement, a sufficient period of time to cross\u2010match blood products and screen for viral agents of concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extremely preterm sheep fetuses were maintained for a period of up to 72 h using APT in combination with circuit priming using a synthetic red cell (HbV) preparation. Although significant further refinements are required, these findings demonstrated the potential clinical utility of synthetic blood products in the eventual clinical translation of artificial placenta technology to support extremely preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T10:34:48Z","timestamp":1640082888000},"page":"653-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of synthetic red cell therapy for extremely preterm ovine fetuses maintained on an artificial placenta life\u2010support platform"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruo","family":"Usuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Western Australia  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Chemistry Nara Medical University  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Kure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine Tohoku University Hospital  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Yaegashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine Tohoku University Hospital  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation King Edward Memorial Hospital  Perth Western Australia 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