{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T02:45:07Z","timestamp":1786157107806,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORISE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORISE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood contacting medical devices, including rotary blood pumps, can cause shear\u2010induced blood damage that may lead to adverse effects in patients. Due in part to an inadequate understanding of how cell\u2010scale fluid mechanics impact red blood cell membrane deformation and damage, there is currently not a uniformly accepted engineering model for predicting blood damage caused by complex flow fields within ventricular assist devices (VADs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We empirically investigated hemolysis in a magnetically levitated axial Couette flow device typical of a rotary VAD. The device is able to accurately control the shear rate and exposure time experienced by blood and to minimize the effects of other uncharacterized stresses. Using this device, we explored the effects of both hematocrit and plasma viscosity on shear\u2010induced hemolysis to characterize blood damage based on the viscosity\u2010independent shear rate, rather than on shear stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a shear rate range of 20 000 \u2013 80 000\u00a01\/s, the Index of Hemolysis (IH) was found to be dependent upon and well\u2010predicted by the shear rate alone. IH was independent of hematocrit, bulk viscosity, or the suspension media viscosity and less correlated to shear stress (MSE\u00a0=\u00a00.46\u20130.75) than to shear rate (MSE\u00a0=\u00a00.06\u20130.09).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study recommends that future investigations of shear\u2010induced blood damage report findings with respect to the viscosity\u2010neutral term of shear rate, in addition to the bulk whole blood viscosity measured at an appropriate shear rate relevant to the flow conditions of the device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T12:14:03Z","timestamp":1642162443000},"page":"1027-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effect of blood viscosity on shear\u2010induced hemolysis using a magnetically levitated shearing device"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Krisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Malinauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S. Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7211-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven W.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology  Rochester New York 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