{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:12:03Z","timestamp":1789398723385,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been proposed to preserve liver grafts in a less pro\u2010inflammatory environment. However, the effect of NMP on liver inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing the inflammatory response during continuous NMP with a comprehensive investigation of cytokine release during perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten porcine livers underwent either 24\u2009h NMP or whole blood\u2010based NMP (WB\u2010NMP) immediately after procurement. WB\u2010NMP was used as a positive control to mimic early post\u2010reperfusion inflammation. High mobility group box\u20101 (HMGB1), interleukin 1\u2010beta (IL\u20101beta), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 6 (IL\u20106), 8 (IL\u20108), and 10 (IL\u201010), transforming growth factor\u2010beta (TGFbeta), aspartate transferase (AST), and hyaluronic acid were measured in the perfusate. The area under the curve (AUC) of their perfusate concentration was compared between groups. Median (IQR) is given.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AUC of HMGB1 and IL\u20101beta was similar between groups. Compared to WB\u2010NMP, NMP inhibited the release of TNFalpha [NMP: 20275 (18402\u201332\u2009152), WB\u2010NMP: 242100 (203511\u2013244\u2009238); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01], IL\u20106 [NMP: 1206 (338.9\u20131686), WB\u2010NMP: 8444 (7359\u201310\u2009087); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03], and IL\u20108 [NMP: 1635 (106.90\u20132130), WB\u2010NMP: 3951 (3090\u20134116); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008]. The release of TGFbeta remained unchanged but IL\u201010 release was lower in NMP [1612 (1313\u20131916), WB\u2010NMP: 5591 (4312\u20136421); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01]. The ratios TGFbeta:TNFalpha and IL\u201010:TNFalpha were significantly higher in the NMP than in the WB\u2010NMP group. Importantly, the AUC of AST was significantly lower during NMP [1960 (1950\u20132893)] than WB\u2010NMP [6812 (6370\u20137916); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuous NMP leads to the release of detectable levels of cytokines with a slow, linear increase over time and a shift toward anti\u2010inflammatory signaling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T14:03:20Z","timestamp":1706191400000},"page":"606-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The dynamics of cytokine release during 24 hours continuous normothermic machine perfusion liver preservation: An explorative porcine study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gilbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8531-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris","family":"Blondeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Abdominal Transplantation Surgery and Coordination University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Wylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Heedfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4592-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Jochmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Abdominal Transplantation Surgery and Coordination University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques","family":"Pirenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Abdominal Transplantation Surgery and Coordination University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannelie","family":"Korf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diethard","family":"Monbaliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Abdominal Transplantation Surgery and Coordination University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0047-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16251-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"EU.Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes.2010[cited 2018 Oct 21]. 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