{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T13:41:00Z","timestamp":1782999660919,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI) with a sedentary lifestyle will progress to muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, leading to muscle fatigue. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and preliminary effects of high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) using functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on changes in thigh muscle volume and muscle strength, in patients with incomplete SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight incomplete SCI patients (mean age 50\u2009years; 6\u2009women) with stable SCI paraplegia (mean 6.75\u2009years since injury) participated in the HIIT FES cycling (85%\u201390% peak Watts; 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094\u2013min intervals) three times a week (over 6\u2009weeks). The main outcomes were adherence, participant acceptability, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were muscle strength (peak torque) and leg volume changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings revealed that the program was well\u2010received by participants, with high levels of adherence, positive feedback, and satisfaction, suggesting that it could be a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their lower body strength and muscle mass. Additionally, all participants successfully completed the training without any serious adverse events, indicating that the program is safe for use. Finally, we found that the 6\u2010week HIIT FES leg cycling exercise program resulted in notable improvements in isometric peak torque of the quadriceps (range 13.9%\u201325.6%), hamstring muscle (18.2%\u201323.3%), and leg volume (1.7%\u201318.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights HIIT FES leg cycling exercise program\u2009potential as an effective intervention for improving lower limb muscle function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T10:42:48Z","timestamp":1721731368000},"page":"1449-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High\u2010intensity interval training with functional electrical stimulation cycling for incomplete spinal cord injury patients: A pilot feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0342-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidzir","family":"Manaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physiotherapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus  Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Azah","family":"Hamzaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazirah","family":"Hasnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yiwei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Mohafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafifi","family":"Hisham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Program, Center for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health University 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