{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:41:36Z","timestamp":1747183296314,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DK124420","T32\u2010HL098069","S10 RR025555","T32GM007205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DK124420","T32\u2010HL098069","S10 RR025555","T32GM007205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo perfusion of transplant\u2010declined human organs has emerged as a promising platform to study the response of an organ to novel therapeutic strategies. However, to fully realize the capability of this platform for performing translational research in human organ pathophysiology, there is a need for robust assays to assess organ function and disease. State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art research methods rely on analyses of biopsies taken during perfusion, which both damages the organ and only provides localized information. Developing non\u2010invasive, whole organ methods of assessment is critical to the further development of this research platform.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We use ex\u2009vivo cold infusion scanning (EXCIS) with contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography (CT) to quantify perfusion in kidneys preserved ex\u2009vivo. EXCIS\u2010CT computes three complementary metrics for whole organ assessment: a dynamic assessment of contrast filling, a measure of vascular network\u2009anatomical\u2009structure, and a static assessment of perfusion heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>These metrics were applied to a series of six transplant\u2010declined human kidneys, which demonstrated a range of anatomies and perfusion. Lastly, two transplant\u2010declined human kidneys were imaged before and after a 1\u2010h period of ex\u2009vivo normothermic perfusion (NMP). We found variable responses to NMP, with one kidney maintaining the vascular network and hemodynamics and the other showing significant changes in vessel size and spatial perfusion profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EXCIS\u2010CT provides metrics that can be used to characterize whole organ perfusion and vascular function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T12:54:54Z","timestamp":1724763294000},"page":"1536-1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography for ex\u00a0vivo assessment of human kidneys: A proof\u2010of\u2010concept study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6960-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alborz","family":"Feizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna R.","family":"DiRito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Richfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Stendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Translational Research Imaging Center  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (cardiology) Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut 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University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Sinusas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale Translational Research Imaging Center  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (cardiology) Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle J.","family":"Haakinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Tietjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut 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