{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:26:51Z","timestamp":1791214011248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an essential design tool for ventricular assist devices (VADs), where the goal of maximizing performance often conflicts with biocompatibility. This tradeoff becomes even more pronounced in pediatric applications due to the stringent size constraints imposed by the smaller patient population. This study presents an automated CFD\u2010driven shape optimization of a new intermediate diffuser stage for the PediaFlow pediatric VAD, positioned immediately downstream of the impeller to improve pressure recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We adopted a multi\u2010objective optimization approach to maximize pressure recovery while minimizing hemolysis. The proposed diffuser stage was isolated from the rest of the flow domain, enabling efficient evaluation of over 450 design variants using Sobol sequence, which yielded a Pareto front of nondominated solutions. The selected best candidate was further refined using a local T\u2010search algorithm. We then incorporated the optimized front diffuser into the full pump for CFD verification and in\u00a0vitro validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified critical dependencies where longer blades increased pressure recovery but also hemolysis, while the wrap angle showed a strong parabolic relationship with pressure recovery but a monotonic relationship with hemolysis. Counterintuitively, configurations with fewer blades (2, 3) consistently outperformed those with more blades (4, 5) in both metrics. The optimized two\u2010blade design enabled operation at lower pump speeds (14\u2009000 vs. 16\u2009000 RPM), improving hydraulic efficiency from 26.3% to 32.5% and reducing hemolysis by 31%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This approach demonstrates that multi\u2010objective CFD optimization can systematically explore complex design spaces while balancing competing priorities of performance and hemocompatibility for pediatric VADs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T11:45:21Z","timestamp":1755171921000},"page":"209-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi\u2010Objective\n                    <scp>CFD<\/scp>\n                    Optimization of an Intermediate Diffuser Stage for\n                    <scp>PediaFlow<\/scp>\n                    Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8806-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansur","family":"Zhussupbekov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JingChun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Design Optimization, LLC  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg W.","family":"Burgreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University  Starkville Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Stelick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James F.","family":"Antaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Centrifugal Pump Design","author":"Tuzson J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Impeller Pumps","author":"Lazarkiewicz S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1471362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3990\/1.9789036527026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2004.07379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101594.2005.29095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200503000-00159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mat.0000247043.18115.f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.699891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-010-0011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1951-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1998-4808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101594.2009.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201033708\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4005765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mat.0000841460.16168.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1923.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"M.BrennerandC.F\u00fctterer \u201cCAESES as a GUI for OpenFOAM.\u201d Friendship Systems [Internet] (2016) https:\/\/www.caeses.com\/news\/2016\/caeses\u2010as\u2010a\u2010gui\u2010for\u2010openfoam\u2010webinar\u2010recording\u2010available\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Mechanical Blood Trauma: An Overview","volume":"38","author":"Wurzinger L. J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Angeiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2004.00026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2241663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR\u20101980\u2010171\u2010205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101594.2003.00026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e318254833b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mat.0000840776.68172.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237\u2010022\u201001585\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"S.Harries \u201cPractical Shape Optimization Using CFD.\u201d Friendship Systems [Internet] (2014) https:\/\/www.caeses.com\/news\/2014\/whitepaper\u2010practical\u2010shape\u2010optimization\u2010using\u2010cfd\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119188377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adts.202200117"}],"container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aor.70004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aor.70004","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aor.70004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:24:39Z","timestamp":1773757479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aor.70004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aor.70004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.70004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-564X","1525-1594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-564X","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}