{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:30:18Z","timestamp":1786512618097,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop a decellularized three\u2010dimensional testicular scaffold and evaluate the differentiation of human Wharton\u2019s Jelly\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ\u2010MSCs) into germ\u2010like cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mouse testicular tissues were decellularized using three protocols: S1 : a solution containing 1% (W\/V) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours, followed by 1% Triton X\u2010100 and 0.01% DNase\/RNase for 4 h, S2: 1% Sodium Deoxycholate (SDC) for 24 hours, followed by 1% Triton X\u2010100, and 0.01% DNase\/RNase, for 4h. S3: 1% SDS for 24 hours, 1% SDC for 24 h and 1% Triton X\u2010100 and 0.01% DNase\/RNase for 4h\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Decellularization efficiency and extracellular matrix (ECM) preservation were assessed by histology, DNA quantification, immunohistochemistry, Alcian Blue staining. hWJ\u2010MSCs then seeded onto the selected scaffold and cultured for two weeks in differentiation media containing BMP4, retinoic acid, GDNF, and Sertoli cell\u2010conditioned medium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the protocols, S3 showed the highest DNA removal and best preservation of ECM architecture. Immunohistochemistry confirmed greater retention of collagen IV, fibronectin, and glycosaminoglycans in S3. A density of 30,000 cells\/well isolated hWJ\u2010MSCs provided optimal viability on the scaffold. After two weeks, the differentiation group supplemented with Sertoli cell\u2010conditioned medium and growth factors exhibited the highest expression of germ cell\u2010related genes (OCT4, Dmc1, and Tp2), increased Bcl2 \/ Bax expression. Electron microscopy study confirmed successful cell attachment on scaffold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SDS+SDC\u2010derived scaffold provided a suitable microenvironment for hWJ\u2010MSC attachment, proliferation, and differentiation into germ\u2010like cells, highlighting its potential application in testicular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T17:31:44Z","timestamp":1766770304000},"page":"689-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of the Decellularization Process and Evaluation of the Differentiation Potential of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells on a Decellularized 3D Scaffold of Testicular Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Javan Talemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology University of Science and Culture  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tooba","family":"Mirzapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Guilan  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Mohammad Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology University of Science and Culture  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Infertility: Prevalence and Consequences","volume":"10","author":"Obeagu E. 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