{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:49:22Z","timestamp":1792028962427,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,7]],"date-time":"2013-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the efficacy of keratectomy in treating irregular astigmatism caused by peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration (PHSD) and to study the possible underlying immunological risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients (14 eyes) with diagnosed PHSD were treated with superficial keratectomy with or without the assistance of phototherapeutic keratectomy (VisX S4; VisX Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA). Thirteen patients were subjected to analysis of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes, complement <jats:italic>C4<\/jats:italic> gene numbers and total plasma immunoglobulin levels. Immunological risk factors between patients and a control group comprising 150 individuals were compared.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The mean preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.16\u2003\u00b1\u20030.22 (LogMAR scale range 0\u20130.7) to 0.06\u2003\u00b1\u20030.13 (\u22120.1\u20130.4) (p<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030.01). The mean preoperative astigmatism decreased significantly from 3.8\u2003\u00b1\u20032.1\u2003D (range 1.2\u20138.2) to 2.1\u2003\u00b1\u20031.4 (range 0.6\u20135.0, p\u2003=\u20030.02) based on corneal topography. The HLA\u2010B*44 allele and the ancestral haplotype (AH) 8.1 were found significantly more often in PHSD patients than in controls (both p\u2003=\u20030.03). No differences in the <jats:italic>C4<\/jats:italic> genes were found.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Astigmatism secondary to PHSD can be effectively treated with keratectomy. Peeling of the fibrotic tissue reduced astigmatism and improved visual performance. We suggest that HLA\u2010B*44 allele and AH 8.1 haplotype are immunological factors predisposing to the development of PHSD. The consequent disruption\/alteration of the limbal barrier may lead to corneal peripheral fibrous formation inducing astigmatism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,7]],"date-time":"2013-02-07T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1360233951000},"page":"71-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration: characterization, treatment and association with human leucocyte antigen genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Petri J.","family":"J\u00e4rventausta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha M.","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldir N.","family":"Zalentein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Paakkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Wennerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Sepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja\u2010Liisa","family":"Lokki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo M. 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