{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:20:01Z","timestamp":1790256001115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]],"date-time":"2014-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Norway Regional Health","award":["SFP897-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFP897-09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012617","name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To examine associations between cardiovascular risk factors and age\u2010related macular degeneration (\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A population\u2010based, cross\u2010sectional study of\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aucasians aged 65\u201387\u00a0years was conducted in\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n orway in 2007\/2008. Retinal photographs were graded for\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed based on questionnaires addressing habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health and medication; and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and blood sampling. Cardiovascular disease status was obtained from a validated end\u2010point registry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Gradable photographs were available for 2631 participants, of whom 92 (3.5%) subjects had late\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In the multivariable analysis of late\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , significant interactions were found between sex and the variables age, triglyceride level, use of lipid\u2010lowering drugs and physical exercise. Current daily smoking was significantly related to late\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in both sexes (odds ratio (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 4.06, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.69\u20139.76 and\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.59, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.17\u201311.04, women and men, respectively) compared with never smokers. Higher number of pack years was associated with the presence of large drusen (>125\u00a0\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n m) (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.04, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01\u20131.09 per 5\u00a0years). Higher systolic blood pressure (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.06, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01\u20131.12 per 5\u00a0mmHg), overweight (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.87, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.13\u20137.29) and obesity (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.92, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.06\u20138.03), physical exercise duration (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.41, 95% 0.18\u20130.96 for 30\u00a0min or more compared with less) and frequency (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.46, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.23\u20130.92 for weekly or more often compared to less) were associated with late\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in women only.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Smoking was strongly associated with\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , in line with results from other populations. Also, late\n AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was related to higher systolic blood pressure, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity in women.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]],"date-time":"2014-01-25T02:43:22Z","timestamp":1390617802000},"page":"662-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Cardiovascular risk factors associated with age\u2010related macular degeneration: the Troms\u00f8 Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Maja G","family":"Erke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery University Hospital of North Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Research Group of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery University Hospital of North Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Research Group of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunde","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Head of Reading Centre London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K","family":"Sj\u00f8lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Brain and Circulation Research Group Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haakon","family":"Lindekleiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Nj\u00f8lstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"2224","article-title":"Risk factors associated with age\u2010related macular degeneration. 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