{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T21:52:45Z","timestamp":1753739565976,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010983","name":"Health Research Fund of Central Denmark Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010983","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the correlation between refractive astigmatism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>) and anterior corneal astigmatism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACA<\/jats:styled-content>), and determine the internal astigmatism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>) in 184 pseudophakic eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was a prospective non\u2010masked single\u2010centre study. Patients were examined 8\u00a0weeks after phacoemulsification with implantation of aspheric one\u2010piece monofocal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOL<\/jats:styled-content>s. Examination included autokeratometry and subjective refraction. All refractive data were converted to the corneal plane. The corneal refractive index, taken to be 1.376, was used to estimate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACA<\/jats:styled-content>. All astigmatisms were converted to net curvital and net torsional powers with the steeper corneal plane as the reference meridian. Curvital power is the force acting along a given meridian, and torsion is the power twisting the astigmatic direction out of that plane. The internal astigmatism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>) was calculated as the difference between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For curvital powers, the refractive astigmatism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KP<\/jats:styled-content>(\u03a6)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>RA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) could be described as a function of anterior corneal astigmatic magnitude (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KP<\/jats:styled-content>(\u03a6)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>ACA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) and direction \u03b1 by the multiple linear regression equation: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KP<\/jats:styled-content>(\u03a6)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>RA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.09\u00a0+\u00a00.61*<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KP<\/jats:styled-content>(\u03a6)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>ACA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a00.33*cos2\u03b1, (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.59, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The average internal astigmatism amounted to 0.47\u00a0D inclined 92\u00b0 relative to the steeper anterior corneal meridian. The magnitude of internal astigmatism depended on the angle \u03b1 of the steeper anterior corneal meridian, averaging 0.86\u00a0D at 91\u00b0 for with\u2010the\u2010rule, 0.37\u00a0D at 95\u00b0 for oblique and 0.17\u00a0D at 97\u00b0 for against\u2010the\u2010rule corneal astigmatisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The internal astigmatism varies as a function of the direction of the anterior steeper corneal meridian. In patient candidates to surgical correction of astigmatism, measuring only the curvature of the anterior corneal surface and neglecting that of the posterior corneal surface can lead to inaccurate evaluation of total corneal astigmatism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T07:09:44Z","timestamp":1405667384000},"page":"33-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Refractive, anterior corneal and internal astigmatism in the pseudophakic eye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Jesper F.","family":"Bregnh\u00f8j","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Randers Regional Hospital Randers Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pourang","family":"Mataji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Randers Regional Hospital Randers Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"N\u00e6ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Randers Regional Hospital Randers Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.2.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"System of Ophthalmology. 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