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Here, we discuss refraction and visual acuity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Survivors (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0178) from a national birth cohort (February 2004 to March 2006) of gestational age &lt;28\u00a0weeks (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and 56 full\u2010term (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) controls attended for evaluation at age 4\u00a0years. Cycloplegic refraction and keratometry were achieved by Retinomax autokeratorefractor and visual acuities by symbol recognition (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOTV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The refractive distribution presented a myopic tail (4.5%) and a hyperopic tail (11.9% \u2265+2.5 D) as special preterm features, and corneas were more curved. Astigmatism and anisometropia were only marginally increased, and visual acuities were generally good. Best\u2010corrected binocular median log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visual acuity was 0.1 in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 0.2 in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , in Snellen equivalents 0.8 and 0.63. Snellen acuity \u22640.5 occurred across the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subgroups, but mainly in those with at least\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      stage 3. Two children had low vision.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall fair outcome for refraction and function is in accordance with other recent northern Europe experience. The results differ in particular from the poorer ophthalmic outcomes reported in the pioneer\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      treatment studies (cryotherapy for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETROP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). The diode laser ablations (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a032) appeared effective in our series; except one child, all treated subjects had good or fair social vision at the age of 4\u00a0years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T10:08:24Z","timestamp":1427882904000},"page":"330-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Refraction and visual acuity in a national\n                    <scp>D<\/scp>\n                    anish cohort of 4\u2010year\u2010old children of extremely preterm delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Hans C.","family":"Fledelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Eye Departments Glostrup Hospital &amp; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Region Hovedstaden Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regitze","family":"Bangsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Eye Departments Glostrup Hospital &amp; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Region Hovedstaden Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Slidsborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Eye Departments Glostrup Hospital &amp; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Region Hovedstaden Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"laCour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Eye Departments Glostrup Hospital &amp; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Region Hovedstaden Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.8.612"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"410","article-title":"Visual outcome in infants with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"32","author":"Birch EE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.2.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19891101-05","article-title":"Prematures with and without regressed retinopathy of prematurity. 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