{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:31:07Z","timestamp":1788543067832,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report on the prevalence of non\u2010organic visual loss (NOVL) and its associated psychopathology and psychosocial stress factors on children presenting with visual problems without an obvious cause at a routine ophthalmological examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and seventy children presented at our paediatric ophthalmology department between 2007 and 2014 with visual loss. Routine examination showed no obvious underlying cause. Pattern\u2010onset visual\u2010evoked potentials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pVEP<\/jats:styled-content>s) were performed to obtain an objective visual assessment. Selected patients underwent more investigations, and follow\u2010up was organized in every child to differentiate organic visual loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVL<\/jats:styled-content>) from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOVL<\/jats:styled-content>. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOVL<\/jats:styled-content> group, we retrospectively analysed the medical file data and prospectively the questionnaires completed by patients and their parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010five children (50%) were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVL<\/jats:styled-content>, the other 50% of children were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOVL<\/jats:styled-content>. In the latter, girls predominated and the mean age was 11.0\u00a0years. The most common presenting symptom was binocular reduced visual acuity. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pVEP<\/jats:styled-content>s were normal in all patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We categorized associated comorbidity in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOVL<\/jats:styled-content> group in three subgroups: malingering, psychosocial stressors and child psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010organic visual loss in children is a common diagnosis in clinical practice. The diagnosis is made by recognition of characteristic features and by exclusion of organic disease. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pVEP<\/jats:styled-content> is a useful tool to obtain an objective visual acuity and to differentiate functional from organic vision loss. The prognosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOVL<\/jats:styled-content> is good with a spontaneous recovery in the majority of patients. Ophthalmologists should be aware of possible underlying psychosocial and psychiatric disorders; referral can be necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T11:34:48Z","timestamp":1447932888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Non\u2010organic visual loss in children: prospective and retrospective analysis of associated psychosocial problems and stress factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Alix","family":"Somers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Casteels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Van Roie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Spileers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingele","family":"Casteels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500600052010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000008.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1938.01980100079003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0431-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e31825a1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2011.8378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-004-0040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3181c252b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The ChromaTest, a digital color contrast sensitivity analyzer, for diabetic maculopathy: a pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Wong R","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00478-4"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.12848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.12848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T12:57:59Z","timestamp":1695473879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.12848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.12848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.12848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}