{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:10:04Z","timestamp":1793214604939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the outcomes of tocilizumab treatment for refractory ocular inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case series of 17 patients (28 eyes) diagnosed with recalcitrant ocular inflammatory diseases including uveitis (10 cases), scleritis (six cases) and orbital pseudotumour (one case), who received tocilizumab between April 2010 and March 2015. All patients were initiated with treatment of 4\u00a0mg\/kg or 8\u00a0mg\/kg tocilizumab. The primary outcome was absence of inflammation and achievement of steroid sparing at 6 and 9\u00a0months. Secondary outcomes were change in visual acuity and major adverse effects of tocilizumab causing discontinuation of the treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age at initiation of tocilizumab was 41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016\u00a0years. Prior to tocilizumab treatment, all patients underwent unsuccessful conventional immunosuppressive therapy while 94% of patients (16\/17) failed treatment with various biological agents. After tocilizumab administration, control of inflammation and steroid sparing were achieved in 63% and 71% of uveitis patients at 6 and 9\u00a0months, while 50% of scleritis patients achieved the primary outcome at 6 and 9\u00a0months. Mean duration of tocilizumab therapy was 12.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.0 (range, 2\u201335) months. Three of four patients who had a follow\u2010up of at least 18 (range, 18\u201335) months experienced quiescent inflammation for up to 32\u00a0months of tocilizumab use until last visit. Four patients (24%) discontinued tocilizumab due to serious side effects including neutropenia, unacceptable dizziness and nausea, severe angioedema and severe abdominal pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our series demonstrated moderate efficacy of tocilizumab in recalcitrant uveitis and scleritis. Serious adverse effects were not uncommon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T10:39:43Z","timestamp":1458815983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Outcome of tocilizumab treatment in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Sukhum","family":"Silpa\u2010archa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Rajavithi Hospital College of Medicine Rangsit University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merih","family":"Oray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine M","family":"Preble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation Waltham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Stephen","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation Waltham Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2436-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689208999530"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112802"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2011.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689208999531"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336338"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130466"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"2591","article-title":"IL\u20106 antagonizes TGF\u2010beta and abolishes immune privilege in eyes with endotoxin\u2010induced uveitis","volume":"41","author":"Ohta K","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Tocilizumab in severe and refractory non\u2010infectious uveitis","volume":"32","author":"Papo M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/092739490500282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80334-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.4.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60453-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12720"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.1.5.9497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130690"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T16:46:25Z","timestamp":1695487585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-08-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}