{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:57:03Z","timestamp":1792706223436,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008392","name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007605","name":"Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disturbances in the diameter regulation of the larger retinal vessels are involved in the pathophysiology of a number of vision threatening retinal diseases, but the role of the smaller vessels has received less attention. Therefore, an experimental model was developed for studying diameter changes in retinal vessels at all branching levels secondary to pharmacological interventions <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porcine hemiretinas were mounted in a tissue chamber that allowed the control of temperature, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and oxygen saturation. The chamber was positioned in a fluorescence microscope, and changes in the diameter of larger arterioles, precapillary arterioles and capillaries were studied after intravascular and extravascular application of the thromboxane analogue U46619, lactate, the glutamate agonist N\u2010Methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDA<\/jats:styled-content>) and insulin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>U46619 induced significant contraction of all vessel calibres after extravascular application, but had no significant effect on vessel diameters after intravascular application. In contracted vessels, lactate induced significant dilatation in all vessel calibres, and the effect was more pronounced after intravascular than after extravascular application where only precapillary arterioles dilated significantly. N\u2010Methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartic acid (NMDA) induced similar dilatation in the three vessel types after intra\u2010 and extravascular application, whereas the dilating effect of insulin was significantly more pronounced in the precapillary arterioles than in the other vessel types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diameter regulation in precapillary retinal arterioles differs from that of other retinal vascular branching levels and may play a special role in the pathophysiology of retinal vascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T10:52:44Z","timestamp":1458816764000},"page":"454-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The vasodilating effects of insulin and lactate are increased in precapillary arterioles in the porcine retina <i>ex\u00a0vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Skov Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Metz Mariendal Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Aalkjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine (Physiology) University of Aarhus Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toke","family":"Bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-012-0449-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.5.768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2014.12.007","article-title":"Role of synaptic and nonsynaptic glutamate receptors in ischaemia induced neurotoxicity","volume":"112","author":"Brassai A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1744","article-title":"Microinjection of L\u2010lactate in the preretinal vitreous induces segmental vasodilation in the inner retina of miniature pigs","volume":"34","author":"Brazitikos PD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"H108","article-title":"Methods for isolation, cannulation, and in\u00a0vitro study of single microvessels","volume":"241","author":"Duling BR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.28.5.351.28680"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680600681236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701229646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013310210710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00560.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.794247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.267294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"3109","article-title":"Diabetes\u2010induced dysfunction of the glutamate transporter in retinal Muller cells","volume":"43","author":"Li Q","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00029-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(03)00035-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.11.1868","article-title":"Renal and ocular hemodynamic effects of insulin","volume":"46","author":"Schmetterer L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"2634","article-title":"Direct vasodilatory effect of insulin on isolated retinal arterioles","volume":"37","author":"Su EN","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01012.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","first-page":"4087","article-title":"Vasoactivity of intraluminal and extraluminal agonists in perfused retinal arteries","volume":"35","author":"Yu DY","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T12:58:43Z","timestamp":1695473923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}