{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:46:48Z","timestamp":1792633608875,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection to cause orbicularis eyelid muscle paralysis to improve dry eye signs and symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, randomized, comparative eye\u2010to\u2010eye and interventional study was performed. Patients with dry eye symptoms and positive fluorescein corneal staining were included. Randomly one eyelid received a subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin in the medial orbicularis muscle portion of the lower eyelid, and the other eye received placebo. The subjective evaluation was achieved with a questionnaire assessing symptoms, quality of vision and ocular comfort level. The objective evaluation included the measurement of the tear film break\u2010up time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBUT<\/jats:styled-content>), Schirmer's test and corneal and conjunctival staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients were included with a mean age of 59.5\u00a0years. Two weeks after the botulinum toxin injection, all patients showed a decrease in the horizontal movement of the lower eyelid when blinking. The eyes in the active treatment group showed better scores compared with the sham group in four symptoms 4\u00a0weeks after the treatment. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBUT<\/jats:styled-content> was higher at 1 and 3\u00a0months in the active treatment group. The corneal and conjunctival staining were significantly lower in the active treatment group at 1 and 3\u00a0months, and the Schirmer's test showed better measurements in the same group at 2\u00a0weeks, 1\u00a0month and 3\u00a0months. There were no adverse events reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The injection of botulinum toxin A in the medial part of the lower eyelid is an effective and safe procedure that temporally improves some of the signs and symptoms of patients with dry eye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1467088989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Paralysis of the orbicularis muscle of the eye using botulinum toxin type A in the treatment for dry eye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Serna\u2010Ojeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology \u2018Conde de Valenciana\u2019 Mexico City 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