{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:40:38Z","timestamp":1779208838149,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study, for the first time, the effect of wearing ready\u2010made glasses and glasses with power determined by self\u2010refraction on children's quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a randomized, double\u2010masked non\u2010inferiority trial. Children in grades 7 and 8 (age 12\u201315\u00a0years) in nine Chinese secondary schools, with presenting visual acuity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>) \u22646\/12 improved with refraction to \u22656\/7.5 bilaterally, refractive error \u2264\u22121.0 D and &lt;2.0 D of anisometropia and astigmatism bilaterally, were randomized to receive ready\u2010made spectacles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content>) or identical\u2010appearing spectacles with power determined by: subjective cycloplegic retinoscopy by a university optometrist (U), a rural refractionist (R) or non\u2010cycloplegic self\u2010refraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>). Main study outcome was global score on the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life\u201042 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RQL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201042) after 2\u00a0months of wearing study glasses, comparing other groups with the U group, adjusting for baseline score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only one child (0.18%) was excluded for anisometropia or astigmatism. A total of 426 eligible subjects (mean age 14.2\u00a0years, 84.5% without glasses at baseline) were allocated to U [103 (24.2%)], <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content> [113 (26.5%)], R [108 (25.4%)] and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content> [102 (23.9%)] groups, respectively. Baseline and endline score data were available for 398 (93.4%) of subjects. In multiple regression models adjusting for baseline score, older age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and baseline spectacle wear (p\u00a0=\u00a00.016), but not study group assignment, were significantly associated with lower final score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quality of life wearing ready\u2010mades or glasses based on self\u2010refraction did not differ from that with cycloplegic refraction by an experienced optometrist in this non\u2010inferiority trial<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T05:13:04Z","timestamp":1466399584000},"page":"567-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Self\u2010refraction, ready\u2010made glasses and quality of life among rural myopic Chinese children: a non\u2010inferiority randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Zhongqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Eye Institute Henan Eye Hospital Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongxing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Huidong People's Hospital Huizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangming Eye Hospital Yangjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia University of Melbourne Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vision in the Developing World St Catherine's College Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Ellwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Eye Institute Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry Boston Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan G.","family":"Congdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"ORBIS International New York New York USA"},{"name":"Centre for Public Health Royal Victoria Hospital Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200003000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument (NEI RQL\u201042), Version 1.0: a Manual for Scoring and Use","author":"Hays RD","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2002.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7048.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.11.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-67951"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12642"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11235"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.9.1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108091068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580802399094"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-620X.111911"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12572"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182480e97"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12388"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12644"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181cf86d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2011.02529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","volume-title":"Elimination of avoidable visual disability due to refractive errors","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12299"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2849"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4767"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088857"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13250"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13149","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1695567222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13149","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}