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The contralateral eye served as a control. Seven days later, animals were killed. Retinas were used either for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and microglial cells or for mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> array hybridization, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and Western blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anatomically, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOH<\/jats:styled-content> caused axonal degeneration, a significant loss of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s and a significant increase in microglial cells in the ganglion cell layer. The mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s microarray analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOH<\/jats:styled-content> versus control group, and the regulation of 12 selected micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s was further confirmed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that several signalling pathways are putatively regulated by the validated mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s. Of particular interest was the inflammatory pathway signalled by mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>s). In agreement with the <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> analysis, p38 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> kinase, tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> proteins were significantly upregulated in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOH<\/jats:styled-content> retinas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP<\/jats:styled-content> elevation led to changes in the expression of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s, whose target genes were associated with the regulation of microglia\u2010mediated neuroinflammation or neural apoptosis. Addressing mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s in the process of retinal ischaemia and optic nerve damage in association with high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP<\/jats:styled-content> elevation may open new avenues in preventing retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and may serve as target for future therapeutic regimen in acute ocular hypertension and retinal ischaemic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1471516960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["MicroRNA regulation in an animal model of acute ocular hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Sun Yat\u2010Sen 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