{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:28:27Z","timestamp":1766503707964},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014R1A1A2059210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A1A2059210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002632","name":"Hallym University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HURF\u20102015\u201040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF\u20102015\u201040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To introduce a new method for direct observation of tear secretion from the palpebral lobes of the main lacrimal glands and Wolfring glands using fluorescein dye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six patients with dry eye and 26 healthy subjects were included in the study. Fluorescein was applied to the conjunctiva overlaying the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal glands. Under cobalt blue light, we captured tear secretion from the glands in movies. We compared the number of excretory openings, the location and tear flow rate between the dry eye and healthy\u2010subject groups. To observe tear secretion from the Wolfring glands, we everted the upper lids and applied fluorescein dye to the upper margin of the tarsus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean number of excretory openings on the palpebral lobe was 2.5 in the dry eye group and 3.4 in the healthy\u2010subject group (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.031). Most of the openings were observed at the ridge, the most protruding portion of the palpebral lobe. Mean flow rate from the palpebral lobe was 0.45\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/min in the dry eye group and 0.91\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/min in the healthy\u2010subject group (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.046). Mean flow rate\u00a0from the Wolfring glands was 0.007\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/min in the dry eye group and 0.009\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l\/min in the healthy\u2010subject group (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.615).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This visualization method allowed us to directly observe tear secretion from the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal glands and Wolfring glands, and to quantitatively measure the tear flow rate from the lacrimal glands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T10:57:20Z","timestamp":1479898640000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Direct visualization of aqueous tear secretion from lacrimal gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Eun Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hee","family":"Doh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology St. Paul's Hospital Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Yoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Gangdong Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Kun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology St. Paul's Hospital Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Chul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Sik","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182953a4d"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Ocular anatomy, embryology, and teratology","author":"Bedrossian EH","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.4.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"563","volume-title":"System of ophthalmology","author":"Duke\u2010Elder S","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(66)91676-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-197301310-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-013-0181-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970030235017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Determination of tear volume and tear flow","volume":"5","author":"Mishima S","year":"1966","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688609015135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000247220.18295.d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Seidel's test using 10% fluorescein","volume":"14","author":"Romanchuk KG","year":"1979","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410700"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180950083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12444"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12260"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13335","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:07:35Z","timestamp":1695571655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13335","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}