{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:17:15Z","timestamp":1790716635016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Synoptik Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report normative data on visual acuity (VA) for near and distance, refraction, ocular alignment, ocular motility and stereo acuity in a cohort of children aged 4.5\u20137\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 950 children with normal development from the municipality of Roskilde, Denmark, were invited to participate in an ophthalmic cross\u2010sectional population\u2010based survey, of which 445 children in the age of 54\u201387\u00a0months participated with a complete ocular examination including cycloplegia. Visual acuity (VA) was tested using Kay Picture\u00a0charts and notified in log<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content> units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean distance VA was 0.010 logMAR [standard deviation (SD): 0.048] in right eye, and near <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> in right eye was 0.012 log<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.054), with a nonsignificant difference between right and left eye in both parameters (paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, p\u00a0=\u00a00.15 and p\u00a0=\u00a00.08, respectively). Amblyopia was found in 12 children (2.7%), mainly related to refractive errors. The mean refractive error of right eye was +1.75\u00a0D, and significant hyperopia (greater than +3.0\u00a0D) was found in 7.9%. No myopia (greater than or equal to \u22120.5\u00a0D) was found, astigmatism (&gt;1\u00a0D) was seen in 4.3%. Manifest strabismus was present in 1.6%, and heterophoria in 4.0%. Reduced or absent stereo acuity was present in 35 children (7.9%) and was related to a reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>, refractive error and strabismus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ophthalmic data of 445 normally developed children are presented, supplementing previous reported normative data in children. We found a relatively high prevalence of amblyopia and of hyperopia, while myopia was not found, confirming previous studies that myopia is not developing at early age in Danish children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T15:04:50Z","timestamp":1516892690000},"page":"379-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Ophthalmological data on 4.5\u2010 to 7\u2010year\u2010old Danish children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Sandfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Department, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Weihrauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Department, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"Tub\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Department, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panteleimon","family":"Mortzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Department, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970590922664"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"Danish Health Authority(2014):Sundhedsstyrelsens anbefalinger vedr\u00f8rende nationale screeningsprogrammer. 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